feat: 量表库分享（内置量表 /s/:id 链接 + 卡片分享按钮，剪贴板失败降级 Modal）

.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# psytest-engine 环境变量（可选，默认值开箱即用）
+# 复制为 .env 修改后生效（.env 已被 gitignore，不会入库）
+
+# 服务端口（默认 3501）
+PORT=3501
+
+# CORS 白名单（逗号分隔的域名，跨域部署时才需要；同源部署留空即可）
+# CORS_ORIGIN=https://a.example.com,https://b.example.com
+
+# 会话密钥（不设会自动生成并持久化到 data/.secrets.json，重启不失效）
+# JWT_SECRET=
+# VERIFY_SALT=
+
+# RainID client secret（也可在管理后台设置，此处仅作覆盖用）
+# RAINID_CLIENT_SECRET=

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 node_modules/
 client/node_modules/
 data/
+release/
 .scales/
 scales/.index.json.bak
 .DS_Store

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# RainWeb 软件授权协议（定制版）
+
+**版本 1.0 · 2026-08-12**
+**原作者（Initial Author）：Xianyunah（Rainnya 家族）**
+
+## 一、授权范围
+
+本协议授予任何获得本软件副本（含源码、文档、构建产物）的个人或组织（下称"被授权人"）以下权利：
+
+1. **使用**：允许安装、运行、复制本软件，用于个人学习、研究、内部开发。
+2. **修改**：允许对本软件源码进行修改、扩展、二次开发。
+3. **分发**：允许分发本软件的原始版本或修改后的衍生版本。
+
+## 二、禁止事项
+
+被授权人**不得**：
+
+1. **商业使用**：不得将本软件或其衍生版本用于任何商业目的，包括但不限于：
+   - 直接销售本软件或其衍生版本
+   - 提供收费的托管服务（SaaS/PaaS）
+   - 将本软件作为商业产品的组成部分
+   - 通过本软件获取直接或间接的商业收益
+2. **闭源**：本软件及其衍生版本必须保持源代码公开可用，不得以任何形式闭源或隐藏源代码。
+3. **使用品牌**：不得使用「Rainnya」「雨喵」「RainWeb」名称、logo、视觉标识（含紫色雨夜视觉主题）对本软件的衍生版本进行品牌宣传、背书或暗示官方身份，除非获得原作者书面授权。
+
+## 三、义务条款（Copyleft）
+
+1. **衍生版本必须开源**：任何基于本软件的修改、扩展、整合版本，其源代码必须遵循本协议开源发布，且必须包含本 LICENSE 文件。
+2. **同协议授权**：衍生版本必须使用与本协议相同或更严格（限制更多）的授权条款。
+3. **署名**：任何二次分发（原始或衍生版本）必须保留本 LICENSE 文件，并显著标明：
+   - 最初作者：**Xianyunah（Rainnya 家族）**
+   - 原始项目名称与原始仓库地址
+   - 若为修改版，须明确标注"基于 RainWeb 修改"并说明修改内容
+
+## 四、免责声明
+
+本软件按"现状"（AS IS）提供，不附带任何明示或暗示的担保，包括但不限于适销性、特定用途适用性与非侵权保证。原作者对使用本软件产生的任何损害概不负责，无论基于何种法律理论（合同、侵权或其他）。
+
+## 五、协议终止
+
+被授权人违反本协议任何条款，其本协议项下的所有权利自动终止，且须立即停止使用、分发并销毁全部副本。
+
+## 六、其他
+
+- 本协议与 GPL-3.0 的精神一致（copyleft），但额外附加了非商业与品牌保留条款，属"源代码可用（source-available）"授权，**非 OSI 认证的开源协议**。
+- 若本协议任一条款被判定无效，不影响其余条款效力。
+- 授权事宜咨询：rainnya.asia
+
+---
+
+**版权 © 2024 Xianyunah（Rainnya 家族）· 保留所有权利**

client/package-lock.json

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 {
-  "name": "client-temp",
+  "name": "psytest-engine-client",
   "version": "0.0.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
-      "name": "client-temp",
+      "name": "psytest-engine-client",
       "version": "0.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@ant-design/icons": "^6.3.2",
+        "@dnd-kit/core": "^6.3.1",
+        "@dnd-kit/sortable": "^10.0.0",
+        "@tanstack/react-virtual": "^3.14.9",
         "antd": "^6.5.0",
         "axios": "^1.18.1",
         "dayjs": "^1.11.21",
@@ -115,6 +118,59 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@dnd-kit/accessibility": {
+      "version": "3.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@dnd-kit/accessibility/-/accessibility-3.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2P+YgaXF+gRsIihwwY1gCsQSYnu9Zyj2py8kY5fFvUM1qm2WA2u639R6YNVfU4GWr+ZM5mqEsfHZZLoRONbemw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": ">=16.8.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@dnd-kit/core": {
+      "version": "6.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@dnd-kit/core/-/core-6.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xkGBRQQab4RLwgXxoqETICr6S5JlogafbhNsidmrkVv2YRs5MLwpjoF2qpiGjQt8S9AoxtIV603s0GIUpY5eYQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@dnd-kit/accessibility": "^3.1.1",
+        "@dnd-kit/utilities": "^3.2.2",
+        "tslib": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": ">=16.8.0",
+        "react-dom": ">=16.8.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@dnd-kit/sortable": {
+      "version": "10.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@dnd-kit/sortable/-/sortable-10.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+xqhmIIzvAYMGfBYYnbKuNicfSsk4RksY2XdmJhT+HAC01nix6fHCztU68jooFiMUB01Ky3F0FyOvhG/BZrWkg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@dnd-kit/utilities": "^3.2.2",
+        "tslib": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@dnd-kit/core": "^6.3.0",
+        "react": ">=16.8.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@dnd-kit/utilities": {
+      "version": "3.2.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@dnd-kit/utilities/-/utilities-3.2.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+MKAJEOfaBe5SmV6t34p80MMKhjvUz0vRrvVJbPT0WElzaOJ/1xs+D+KDv+tD/NE5ujfrChEcshd4fLn0wpiqg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": ">=16.8.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@emnapi/core": {
       "version": "1.11.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/core/-/core-1.11.3.tgz",
@@ -842,6 +898,33 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@tanstack/react-virtual": {
+      "version": "3.14.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tanstack/react-virtual/-/react-virtual-3.14.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qZyr0FZDP8rDC4WBhsryIZmAd9bveJvFGUJJtskWaew6/0dTRS6wZxnR6VQ5bY2KwL3LjerrHqQLk3a0GKcPXQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@tanstack/virtual-core": "3.17.7"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/tannerlinsley"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
+        "react-dom": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@tanstack/virtual-core": {
+      "version": "3.17.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tanstack/virtual-core/-/virtual-core-3.17.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bp+v10y65sp2H7WpWfIMyxTNfl8ZVfxFTLRjPIFRryi6FV/J33z4IS53WO4pTk36KlvJ4iLiQz+oaydDC1xbcA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/tannerlinsley"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@tybys/wasm-util": {
       "version": "0.10.3",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2455,9 +2538,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/tslib": {
       "version": "2.8.1",
-      "dev": true,
+      "license": "0BSD"
-      "license": "0BSD",
-      "optional": true
     },
     "node_modules/typescript": {
       "version": "6.0.3",

client/package.json

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@ant-design/icons": "^6.3.2",
+    "@dnd-kit/core": "^6.3.1",
+    "@dnd-kit/sortable": "^10.0.0",
+    "@tanstack/react-virtual": "^3.14.9",
     "antd": "^6.5.0",
     "axios": "^1.18.1",
     "dayjs": "^1.11.21",

client/src/App.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import ScaleManagement from "./pages/admin/ScaleManagement";
 import RecordManagement from "./pages/admin/RecordManagement";
 import AdminSettings from "./pages/admin/AdminSettings";
 import ScaleEditor from "./pages/admin/ScaleEditor";
+import ScaleEditorV2 from "./pages/admin/ScaleEditorV2";
 import DataCollection from "./pages/admin/DataCollection";
 import ScaleReviews from "./pages/admin/ScaleReviews";
 import AdminUserScales from "./pages/admin/AdminUserScales";
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ const App: React.FC = () => (
             <Route path="/admin/settings" element={<ProtectedRoute requiredPermission="settings.view"><AdminSettings /></ProtectedRoute>} />
             <Route path="/admin/data" element={<ProtectedRoute requiredPermission="samples.view"><DataCollection /></ProtectedRoute>} />
             <Route path="/admin/scale-editor" element={<ProtectedRoute requiredPermission="scales.manage"><ScaleEditor /></ProtectedRoute>} />
+            <Route path="/admin/scale-editor-v2" element={<ProtectedRoute requiredPermission="scales.manage"><ScaleEditorV2 /></ProtectedRoute>} />
             <Route path="/admin/scale-editor/preview" element={<ProtectedRoute requiredPermission="scales.manage"><ScalePreview /></ProtectedRoute>} />
           </Route>
         </Routes>

client/src/api/index.ts

@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@ api.interceptors.response.use(
 
 // Auth
 export const authApi = {
-  login: (username: string, password: string, turnstileToken?: string) => api.post("/auth/login", { username, password, turnstileToken }).then((r) => r.data),
+  login: (username: string, password: string, turnstileToken?: string, captchaProof?: string) =>
+    api.post("/auth/login", { username, password, ...(turnstileToken ? { turnstileToken } : {}), ...(captchaProof ? { captcha_proof: captchaProof } : {}) }).then((r) => r.data),
   sendCode: (email: string) => api.post("/auth/send-code", { email }).then((r) => r.data),
-  register: (name: string, email: string, code: string, password: string, turnstileToken?: string) => api.post("/auth/register", { name, email, code, password, turnstileToken }).then((r) => r.data),
+  register: (name: string, email: string, code: string, password: string, turnstileToken?: string, captchaProof?: string) =>
+    api.post("/auth/register", { name, email, code, password, ...(turnstileToken ? { turnstileToken } : {}), ...(captchaProof ? { captcha_proof: captchaProof } : {}) }).then((r) => r.data),
   me: () => api.get("/auth/me").then((r) => r.data),
   oidcExchange: (ticket: string) => api.post("/auth/oidc/exchange", { ticket }).then((r) => r.data),
   // 游客通道：POST /api/auth/guest -> { success, data: { token, user: { isGuest: true } } }，guest JWT 2h
@@ -42,9 +44,24 @@ export const settingsApi = {
 };
 
 // Captcha
+export interface CaptchaStatus {
+  siteKey: string;
+  actions: Record<string, boolean>;
+  type?: "turnstile" | "builtin" | "none" | "both";
+  builtin?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface BuiltinCaptchaData {
+  token: string;
+  svg: string;
+}
+
 export const captchaApi = {
-  status: () => api.get("/captcha/status").then((r) => r.data.data),
+  status: () => api.get<ApiResponse<CaptchaStatus>>("/captcha/status").then((r) => r.data.data),
   verify: (token: string) => api.post("/captcha/verify", { token }).then((r) => r.data),
+  image: () => api.get<ApiResponse<BuiltinCaptchaData>>("/captcha/image").then((r) => r.data.data),
+  verifyBuiltin: (token: string, answer: string) =>
+    api.post("/captcha/verify", { token, answer }).then((r) => r.data.data as { proof: string }),
 };
 
 // Scales
@@ -74,12 +91,15 @@ export const aiApi = {
 export const userScaleApi = {
   list: (status?: string) => api.get("/user-scales", { params: status ? { status } : {} }).then((r) => r.data.data),
   get: (id: string) => api.get(`/user-scales/${id}`).then((r) => r.data.data),
-  create: (id: string, content: any, turnstileToken?: string) => api.post("/user-scales", { id, content, turnstileToken }).then((r) => r.data.data),
+  create: (id: string, content: any, turnstileToken?: string, captchaProof?: string) =>
+    api.post("/user-scales", { id, content, ...(turnstileToken ? { turnstileToken } : {}), ...(captchaProof ? { captcha_proof: captchaProof } : {}) }).then((r) => r.data.data),
   update: (id: string, content: any) => api.put(`/user-scales/${id}`, { content }),
   delete: (id: string) => api.delete(`/user-scales/${id}`),
-  share: (id: string, turnstileToken?: string) => api.post(`/user-scales/${id}/share`, { turnstileToken }).then((r) => r.data.data),
+  share: (id: string, turnstileToken?: string, captchaProof?: string) =>
+    api.post(`/user-scales/${id}/share`, { ...(turnstileToken ? { turnstileToken } : {}), ...(captchaProof ? { captcha_proof: captchaProof } : {}) }).then((r) => r.data.data),
   unshare: (id: string) => api.post(`/user-scales/${id}/unshare`).then((r) => r.data),
-  submitReview: (id: string, turnstileToken?: string) => api.post(`/user-scales/${id}/submit-review`, { turnstileToken }).then((r) => r.data),
+  submitReview: (id: string, turnstileToken?: string, captchaProof?: string) =>
+    api.post(`/user-scales/${id}/submit-review`, { ...(turnstileToken ? { turnstileToken } : {}), ...(captchaProof ? { captcha_proof: captchaProof } : {}) }).then((r) => r.data),
   getByShareCode: (code: string) => api.get(`/s/${code}`).then((r) => r.data.data),
 };
 

client/src/components/CaptchaModal.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { Modal, Input, Button, Spin, message } from "antd";
+import { ReloadOutlined, CheckCircleOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
+import { captchaApi } from "../api";
+
+declare global {
+  interface Window { turnstile?: { render: (el: string | HTMLElement, opts: any) => string; getResponse: (wid: string) => string; reset: (wid: string) => void }; }
+}
+
+export type CaptchaMode = "turnstile" | "builtin";
+
+export interface CaptchaModalProps {
+  open: boolean;
+  mode: CaptchaMode;
+  siteKey?: string;
+  onOk: (proof: string) => void;
+  onCancel: () => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 通用人机验证弹窗：
+ * - turnstile 模式：Cloudflare Turnstile widget
+ * - builtin 模式：内置 SVG 验证码（image + 输入 + 验证 → 一次性 proof）
+ * onOk(proof)：turnstile 为 widget token；builtin 为 verifyBuiltin 返回的 JWT proof
+ */
+const CaptchaModal: React.FC<CaptchaModalProps> = ({ open, mode, siteKey, onOk, onCancel }) => {
+  const [svg, setSvg] = useState("");
+  const [bToken, setBToken] = useState("");
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
+  const [verifying, setVerifying] = useState(false);
+  const [verified, setVerified] = useState(false);
+  const proofRef = useRef("");
+  const widgetRoot = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const widRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+
+  const loadImage = async () => {
+    try {
+      const data = await captchaApi.image();
+      setBToken(data.token);
+      setSvg(data.svg);
+      setVerified(false);
+      proofRef.current = "";
+    } catch {
+      message.error("验证码获取失败，请重试");
+    }
+  };
+
+  // builtin 模式：打开时拉取验证码图片
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (open && mode === "builtin") {
+      setSvg(""); setBToken(""); setAnswer(""); setVerified(false); proofRef.current = "";
+      loadImage();
+    }
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [open, mode]);
+
+  // turnstile 模式：打开时渲染 widget（等待 turnstile 脚本就绪）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open || mode !== "turnstile" || !siteKey) return;
+    let tries = 0;
+    const timer = setInterval(() => {
+      const ts = window.turnstile;
+      if (ts) {
+        clearInterval(timer);
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          const el = widgetRoot.current;
+          if (el && !el.children.length) {
+            widRef.current = ts.render(el, { sitekey: siteKey, theme: "light" });
+          }
+        }, 100);
+      } else if (++tries > 30) {
+        clearInterval(timer);
+      }
+    }, 200);
+    return () => clearInterval(timer);
+  }, [open, mode, siteKey]);
+
+  const handleVerifyBuiltin = async () => {
+    if (!bToken) { message.warning("验证码尚未加载，请重试"); return; }
+    if (!answer) { message.warning("请输入图中字符"); return; }
+    setVerifying(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await captchaApi.verifyBuiltin(bToken, answer);
+      proofRef.current = data.proof;
+      setVerified(true);
+      message.success("验证通过");
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      message.error(e.response?.data?.error?.message || "验证失败，请重试");
+      // token 一次性：失败后重拉验证码
+      setAnswer("");
+      await loadImage();
+    } finally {
+      setVerifying(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleOk = () => {
+    if (mode === "builtin") {
+      if (!verified || !proofRef.current) { message.warning("请先完成验证"); return; }
+      onOk(proofRef.current);
+      return;
+    }
+    let token = "";
+    try {
+      const ts = window.turnstile;
+      token = ts && widRef.current ? ts.getResponse(widRef.current) || "" : "";
+    } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    if (!token) { message.warning("请完成人机验证"); return; }
+    onOk(token);
+  };
+
+  const handleCancel = () => {
+    try { if (window.turnstile && widRef.current) window.turnstile.reset(widRef.current); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    onCancel();
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <Modal title="人机验证" open={open} onOk={handleOk} onCancel={handleCancel}
+      okText="确认" width={380} destroyOnClose>
+      {mode === "turnstile" ? (
+        <>
+          <p style={{ textAlign: "center", marginBottom: 16 }}>请完成人机验证</p>
+          <div ref={widgetRoot} style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center", minHeight: 65 }} />
+        </>
+      ) : (
+        <>
+          <p style={{ textAlign: "center", marginBottom: 12 }}>请输入图片中的字符</p>
+          <div style={{ textAlign: "center", marginBottom: 12, minHeight: 70 }}>
+            {svg ? (
+              <img
+                src={`data:image/svg+xml;utf8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`}
+                alt="验证码"
+                title="点击更换"
+                onClick={loadImage}
+                style={{ maxWidth: "100%", maxHeight: 84, borderRadius: 8, background: "#fff", border: "1px solid #eee", cursor: "pointer" }}
+              />
+            ) : (
+              <Spin />
+            )}
+          </div>
+          <Input
+            placeholder="输入图中字符"
+            value={answer}
+            disabled={verifying}
+            onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+            onPressEnter={handleVerifyBuiltin}
+          />
+          <div style={{ marginTop: 12, display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between" }}>
+            <Button size="small" icon={<ReloadOutlined />} onClick={loadImage}>换一张</Button>
+            <Button type="primary" size="small" loading={verifying} onClick={handleVerifyBuiltin}>
+              {verified ? "已验证" : "验证"}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+          {verified && (
+            <div style={{ marginTop: 12, textAlign: "center", color: "#15803d" }}>
+              <CheckCircleOutlined /> 验证已通过，点击「确认」继续
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </>
+      )}
+    </Modal>
+  );
+};
+
+export default CaptchaModal;
+
+export interface BuiltinCaptchaInlineProps {
+  proof: string;
+  onProofChange: (proof: string) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 内嵌式内置验证码（用于表单弹窗内联）：自动拉图 + 输入 + 验证
+ * 验证成功后通过 onProofChange 上报一次性 proof；token 一次性，失败自动重拉图。
+ */
+export const BuiltinCaptchaInline: React.FC<BuiltinCaptchaInlineProps> = ({ proof, onProofChange }) => {
+  const [svg, setSvg] = useState("");
+  const [bToken, setBToken] = useState("");
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
+  const [verifying, setVerifying] = useState(false);
+
+  const loadImage = async () => {
+    try {
+      const data = await captchaApi.image();
+      setBToken(data.token);
+      setSvg(data.svg);
+      setAnswer("");
+      onProofChange("");
+    } catch {
+      message.error("验证码获取失败，请重试");
+    }
+  };
+
+  useEffect(() => { loadImage(); /* eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps */ }, []);
+
+  const handleVerify = async () => {
+    if (!bToken) { message.warning("验证码尚未加载，请重试"); return; }
+    if (!answer) { message.warning("请输入图中字符"); return; }
+    setVerifying(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await captchaApi.verifyBuiltin(bToken, answer);
+      onProofChange(data.proof);
+      message.success("验证通过");
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      message.error(e.response?.data?.error?.message || "验证失败，请重试");
+      await loadImage();
+    } finally {
+      setVerifying(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div style={{ textAlign: "center", marginBottom: 8, minHeight: 60 }}>
+        {svg ? (
+          <img
+            src={`data:image/svg+xml;utf8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`}
+            alt="验证码"
+            title="点击更换"
+            onClick={loadImage}
+            style={{ maxWidth: "100%", maxHeight: 80, borderRadius: 8, background: "#fff", border: "1px solid #eee", cursor: "pointer" }}
+          />
+        ) : (
+          <Spin />
+        )}
+      </div>
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: 8 }}>
+        <Input
+          placeholder="输入图中字符"
+          value={answer}
+          disabled={verifying}
+          onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+          onPressEnter={handleVerify}
+        />
+        <Button type="primary" loading={verifying} onClick={handleVerify}
+          style={proof ? { background: "#15803d", borderColor: "#15803d" } : undefined}>
+          {proof ? "已验证" : "验证"}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+      <div style={{ marginTop: 8, fontSize: 12, color: "#999", display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between" }}>
+        <span>验证码字符区分大小写</span>
+        <a onClick={loadImage}>换一张</a>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};

client/src/components/QuestionBatchBar.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import React, { useState } from "react";
+import { Button, Select, Switch, Typography, Popconfirm } from "antd";
+import { DeleteOutlined, CopyOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+/** 视觉隐藏但保留在可访问性树中的播报区域 */
+const srOnly: React.CSSProperties = {
+  position: "absolute",
+  width: 1,
+  height: 1,
+  overflow: "hidden",
+  clipPath: "inset(50%)",
+  whiteSpace: "nowrap",
+};
+
+export interface QuestionBatchBarProps {
+  selectedCount: number;
+  totalCount: number;
+  allFactors: string[];
+  onSelectAll: () => void;
+  onClear: () => void;
+  onSetFactor: (factor: string | undefined) => void;
+  onSetReverse: (reverse: boolean) => void;
+  onDelete: () => void;
+  onDuplicate: () => void;
+}
+
+/** 批量操作栏：全选/清空 + 批量设因子/反向 + 批量删除/复制；操作结果通过 aria-live 播报 */
+const QuestionBatchBar: React.FC<QuestionBatchBarProps> = ({
+  selectedCount, totalCount, allFactors,
+  onSelectAll, onClear, onSetFactor, onSetReverse, onDelete, onDuplicate,
+}) => {
+  const hasSel = selectedCount > 0;
+  const [announce, setAnnounce] = useState("");
+
+  const notify = (msg: string) => setAnnounce(msg);
+  const runSelectAll = () => { onSelectAll(); notify(`已全选 ${totalCount} 题`); };
+  const runClear = () => { onClear(); notify("已清空选择"); };
+  const runSetFactor = (f: string | undefined) => { onSetFactor(f); notify(f ? `已为 ${selectedCount} 题设置因子「${f}」` : `已为 ${selectedCount} 题清除因子`); };
+  const runSetReverse = (v: boolean) => { onSetReverse(v); notify(`已为 ${selectedCount} 题${v ? '开启' : '关闭'}反向计分`); };
+  const runDelete = () => { onDelete(); notify(`已删除 ${selectedCount} 题`); };
+  const runDuplicate = () => { onDuplicate(); notify(`已复制 ${selectedCount} 题`); };
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      style={{
+        display: "flex",
+        alignItems: "center",
+        gap: 12,
+        flexWrap: "wrap",
+        padding: "6px 12px",
+        marginBottom: 8,
+        background: hasSel ? "#eef4fb" : "#f8fafc",
+        border: hasSel ? "1px solid #cfe0f2" : "1px solid #eef2f7",
+        borderRadius: 10,
+      }}
+    >
+      <span role="status" aria-live="polite" style={srOnly}>{announce}</span>
+      <Text strong style={{ color: "#1e3a5f", fontSize: 13 }}>
+        {hasSel ? `已选 ${selectedCount} 题` : "批量操作"}
+      </Text>
+      <Button size="small" onClick={runSelectAll} disabled={totalCount === 0}>全选</Button>
+      <Button size="small" onClick={runClear} disabled={!hasSel}>清空</Button>
+      <span style={{ borderLeft: "1px solid #e2e8f0", height: 18 }} />
+      <span style={{ display: "inline-flex", alignItems: "center", gap: 4 }}>
+        <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>设因子</Text>
+        <Select
+          size="small"
+          style={{ width: 120 }}
+          placeholder="批量设因子"
+          allowClear
+          disabled={!hasSel}
+          onChange={runSetFactor}
+          options={allFactors.map((f) => ({ value: f, label: f }))}
+        />
+      </span>
+      <span style={{ display: "inline-flex", alignItems: "center", gap: 4 }}>
+        <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>反向</Text>
+        <Switch size="small" disabled={!hasSel} onChange={runSetReverse} />
+      </span>
+      <span style={{ borderLeft: "1px solid #e2e8f0", height: 18 }} />
+      <Popconfirm
+        title={`删除选中的 ${selectedCount} 题？`}
+        okText="删除"
+        cancelText="取消"
+        onConfirm={runDelete}
+        disabled={!hasSel}
+      >
+        <Button size="small" danger icon={<DeleteOutlined />} disabled={!hasSel}>批量删除</Button>
+      </Popconfirm>
+      <Popconfirm
+        title="复制选中的题目？复制题将追加到列表尾部，ID 取 maxId+1"
+        okText="复制"
+        cancelText="取消"
+        onConfirm={runDuplicate}
+        disabled={!hasSel}
+      >
+        <Button size="small" icon={<CopyOutlined />} disabled={!hasSel}>批量复制</Button>
+      </Popconfirm>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default QuestionBatchBar;

client/src/components/QuestionCard.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { Card, Button, Space, Typography, Tag, Input, Popconfirm, Checkbox } from "antd";
+import {
+  HolderOutlined, DownOutlined, CopyOutlined, DeleteOutlined,
+  ArrowUpOutlined, ArrowDownOutlined,
+} from "@ant-design/icons";
+import { softTag } from "./ResultUtils";
+import QuestionCardExpanded from "./QuestionCardExpanded";
+import type { Question, ResponseOption } from "../types";
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+const MONO = "SFMono-Regular, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Menlo, monospace";
+
+export interface QuestionCardProps {
+  question: Question;
+  /** 数组序号（≠题目 ID），用于上移/下移与提交定位 */
+  index: number;
+  isLast?: boolean;
+  allFactors: string[];
+  defaultOptions?: ResponseOption[];
+  weightMode?: boolean;
+  /** dnd-kit 拖柄属性（listeners/attributes），由 QuestionList 传入；为空时禁用拖拽 */
+  dragHandleProps?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  onCommit: (patch: Partial<Question>) => void;
+  onDelete: () => void;
+  onDuplicate: () => void;
+  onMove: (dir: -1 | 1) => void;
+  expanded: boolean;
+  onToggleExpand: () => void;
+  /** 批量勾选（可选；由 QuestionList 传入，拖拽期间不渲染） */
+  selected?: boolean;
+  onToggleSelect?: () => void;
+}
+
+/** 题干：本地 draft + 防抖提交，击键只重渲染本卡 */
+const QuestionCard: React.FC<QuestionCardProps> = ({
+  question, index, isLast, allFactors, defaultOptions, weightMode,
+  dragHandleProps, onCommit, onDelete, onDuplicate, onMove,
+  expanded, onToggleExpand, selected, onToggleSelect,
+}) => {
+  const [editingText, setEditingText] = useState(false);
+  const [textDraft, setTextDraft] = useState(question.text);
+  const [hovered, setHovered] = useState(false);
+  const [handleHover, setHandleHover] = useState(false);
+  const textTimer = useRef<number | null>(null);
+  const textPending = useRef<string | null>(null);
+  // 用 ref 持有最新 onCommit，避免父级重渲染导致 cleanup 提前提交草稿
+  const onCommitRef = useRef(onCommit);
+  onCommitRef.current = onCommit;
+
+  // 外部重置（父级提交后）同步；键入期间父级 question.text 不变，不会打断输入
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setTextDraft(question.text);
+  }, [question.text]);
+
+  // 卸载时落盘未提交的题干（虚拟列表滚动出视口前触发）
+  useEffect(() => () => {
+    if (textTimer.current) window.clearTimeout(textTimer.current);
+    if (textPending.current !== null) {
+      onCommitRef.current({ text: textPending.current });
+      textPending.current = null;
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const startEdit = () => {
+    setEditingText(true);
+  };
+
+  const onTextChange = (v: string) => {
+    setTextDraft(v);
+    textPending.current = v;
+    if (textTimer.current) window.clearTimeout(textTimer.current);
+    textTimer.current = window.setTimeout(() => {
+      const t = textPending.current;
+      textPending.current = null;
+      if (t !== null) onCommitRef.current({ text: t });
+    }, 500);
+  };
+
+  const finishEdit = () => {
+    if (textTimer.current) { window.clearTimeout(textTimer.current); textTimer.current = null; }
+    const t = textPending.current;
+    textPending.current = null;
+    if (t !== null) onCommitRef.current({ text: t });
+    setEditingText(false);
+  };
+
+  const optionPreview = question.options && question.options.length > 0
+    ? question.options.map((o) => o.label).join("　")
+    : (defaultOptions || []).slice(0, 4).map((o) => `○ ${o.label}`).join("　");
+
+  const draggable = !!dragHandleProps;
+
+  return (
+    <Card
+      size="small"
+      onMouseEnter={() => setHovered(true)}
+      onMouseLeave={() => setHovered(false)}
+      style={{
+        borderRadius: 12,
+        border: hovered ? "1px solid #d7e0ec" : "1px solid #eef2f7",
+        boxShadow: hovered ? "0 4px 12px rgba(30,58,95,0.08)" : "0 1px 2px rgba(15,23,42,0.04)",
+      }}
+      styles={{ body: { padding: "12px 16px" } }}
+    >
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", alignItems: "flex-start", gap: 6 }}>
+        {/* 拖柄（KeyboardSensor 启用后聚焦即可 Space/方向键排序） */}
+        <div
+          {...(dragHandleProps || {})}
+          className={draggable ? "pt-focusable" : undefined}
+          aria-label="拖动排序（聚焦后按空格或方向键移动）"
+          onMouseEnter={() => setHandleHover(true)}
+          onMouseLeave={() => setHandleHover(false)}
+          style={{
+            cursor: draggable ? "grab" : "default",
+            color: handleHover ? "#1e3a5f" : "#94a3b8",
+            background: handleHover ? "rgba(30,58,95,0.08)" : "transparent",
+            borderRadius: 6,
+            padding: "6px 6px 4px",
+            marginLeft: -6,
+            fontSize: 16,
+            lineHeight: 1,
+            touchAction: "none",
+          }}
+        >
+          <HolderOutlined />
+        </div>
+
+        <div style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 0 }}>
+          {/* 头部：勾选 + 题号 + 徽标 + 操作 */}
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", alignItems: "center", gap: 8, marginBottom: 4 }}>
+            {onToggleSelect && (
+              <Checkbox
+                checked={!!selected}
+                onChange={onToggleSelect}
+                aria-label={`选择题目 #${question.id}`}
+                style={{ marginRight: -4 }}
+              />
+            )}
+            <Text strong style={{ fontSize: 13, color: "#1e3a5f", fontFamily: MONO, letterSpacing: 0.3 }}>#{question.id}</Text>
+            {question.factor && <Tag style={{ ...softTag("#1e3a5f"), marginInlineEnd: 0 }}>{question.factor}</Tag>}
+            {question.reverse && <Tag style={{ ...softTag("#b45309"), marginInlineEnd: 0 }}>反向</Tag>}
+            {question.keyed && <Tag style={{ ...softTag("#475569"), marginInlineEnd: 0 }}>{question.keyed}</Tag>}
+            <div style={{ flex: 1 }} />
+            <Space size={0}>
+              <Button type="text" aria-label={expanded ? "收起题目详情" : "展开题目详情"} icon={<DownOutlined rotate={expanded ? 180 : 0} />} onClick={onToggleExpand} />
+              <Button type="text" aria-label="复制题目" icon={<CopyOutlined />} onClick={onDuplicate} />
+              <Popconfirm title="确定删除该题？" onConfirm={onDelete} okText="删除" cancelText="取消">
+                <Button type="text" danger aria-label="删除题目" icon={<DeleteOutlined />} />
+              </Popconfirm>
+            </Space>
+          </div>
+
+          {/* 题干：内联编辑 */}
+          {editingText ? (
+            <Input.TextArea
+              autoSize
+              autoFocus
+              size="small"
+              value={textDraft}
+              onChange={(e) => onTextChange(e.target.value)}
+              onBlur={finishEdit}
+              onPressEnter={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); finishEdit(); }}
+              placeholder="请输入题干…"
+              style={{ marginBottom: 4 }}
+            />
+          ) : (
+            <div
+              onClick={startEdit}
+              role="button"
+              tabIndex={0}
+              className="pt-focusable"
+              aria-label="编辑题干"
+              onKeyDown={(e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter') startEdit(); }}
+              style={{
+                cursor: "text",
+                fontSize: 14,
+                lineHeight: 1.6,
+                color: question.text ? "#1f2937" : "#64748b",
+                padding: "2px 0",
+              }}
+            >
+              {question.text || "点击输入题干…"}
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          {/* 选项预览 */}
+          {!expanded && optionPreview && (
+            <div style={{ color: "#475569", fontSize: 12, marginTop: 4, overflow: "hidden", textOverflow: "ellipsis", whiteSpace: "nowrap" }}>
+              {optionPreview}
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          {/* 展开区 */}
+          {expanded && (
+            <QuestionCardExpanded
+              question={question}
+              allFactors={allFactors}
+              weightMode={weightMode}
+              onCommit={onCommit}
+            />
+          )}
+
+          {/* 底部操作条 */}
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: 2, marginTop: 8, borderTop: "1px solid #f1f5f9", paddingTop: 6 }}>
+            <Button type="text" style={{ color: "#475569" }} onClick={onDuplicate}>复制</Button>
+            <Popconfirm title="确定删除该题？" onConfirm={onDelete} okText="删除" cancelText="取消">
+              <Button type="text" danger>删除</Button>
+            </Popconfirm>
+            <Button type="text" icon={<ArrowUpOutlined />} disabled={index === 0} onClick={() => onMove(-1)}>上移</Button>
+            <Button type="text" icon={<ArrowDownOutlined />} disabled={isLast} onClick={() => onMove(1)}>下移</Button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </Card>
+  );
+};
+
+export default QuestionCard;

client/src/components/QuestionCardExpanded.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { Button, Input, InputNumber, Select, Switch, Typography } from "antd";
+import { PlusOutlined, DeleteOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
+import type { Question, QuestionOption } from "../types";
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+interface Props {
+  question: Question;
+  allFactors: string[];
+  weightMode?: boolean;
+  onCommit: (patch: Partial<Question>) => void;
+}
+
+/** 展开区：因子/反向/权重 + 专属选项 + 条件字段；本地 draft + 防抖提交 */
+const QuestionCardExpanded: React.FC<Props> = ({ question, allFactors, weightMode, onCommit }) => {
+  const [optRows, setOptRows] = useState<QuestionOption[]>(question.options || []);
+  // P1-2：字符串/数组字段用本地 draft，避免父级重渲染时受控值回弹丢击键
+  const [partDraft, setPartDraft] = useState(question.part || "");
+  const [subscaleDraft, setSubscaleDraft] = useState(question.subscale || "");
+  const [dimensionDraft, setDimensionDraft] = useState(question.dimension || "");
+  const [scoreMapDraft, setScoreMapDraft] = useState(question.scoreMap ? question.scoreMap.join(", ") : "");
+  const pending = useRef<Partial<Question> | null>(null);
+  const timer = useRef<number | null>(null);
+  const onCommitRef = useRef(onCommit);
+  onCommitRef.current = onCommit;
+
+  const scheduleCommit = (patch: Partial<Question>) => {
+    pending.current = { ...pending.current, ...patch };
+    if (timer.current) window.clearTimeout(timer.current);
+    timer.current = window.setTimeout(() => {
+      const p = pending.current;
+      pending.current = null;
+      if (p && Object.keys(p).length > 0) onCommitRef.current(p);
+    }, 500);
+  };
+
+  const flushCommit = () => {
+    if (timer.current) { window.clearTimeout(timer.current); timer.current = null; }
+    const p = pending.current;
+    pending.current = null;
+    if (p && Object.keys(p).length > 0) onCommitRef.current(p);
+  };
+
+  // 卸载时把未提交的草稿落盘（虚拟列表滚动出视口前触发）
+  useEffect(() => () => flushCommit(), []);
+
+  // 父级提交后同步（提交内容与本地一致，无副作用）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setOptRows(question.options || []);
+  }, [question.options]);
+  useEffect(() => { setPartDraft(question.part || ""); }, [question.part]);
+  useEffect(() => { setSubscaleDraft(question.subscale || ""); }, [question.subscale]);
+  useEffect(() => { setDimensionDraft(question.dimension || ""); }, [question.dimension]);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    // scoreMap：仅在当前草稿可解析且与 props 不一致时才回填；输入非法时保留草稿
+    if (!question.scoreMap) { setScoreMapDraft(""); return; }
+    const parsed = parseScoreMap(scoreMapDraft);
+    if (parsed === null) return;
+    if (JSON.stringify(parsed) !== JSON.stringify(question.scoreMap)) {
+      setScoreMapDraft(question.scoreMap.join(", "));
+    }
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [question.scoreMap]);
+
+  const parseScoreMap = (v: string): number[] | null => {
+    const tokens = v.split(",").map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+    if (tokens.length === 0) return [];
+    if (!tokens.every((t) => !isNaN(Number(t)))) return null;
+    return tokens.map(Number);
+  };
+
+  const updateOpt = (idx: number, field: keyof QuestionOption, value: string | number | undefined) => {
+    const copy = optRows.map((o, i) => (i === idx ? { ...o, [field]: value } : o));
+    setOptRows(copy);
+    scheduleCommit({ options: copy });
+  };
+  const removeOpt = (idx: number) => {
+    const copy = optRows.filter((_, i) => i !== idx);
+    setOptRows(copy);
+    scheduleCommit({ options: copy });
+  };
+  const addOpt = () => {
+    const copy = [...optRows, { value: optRows.length, label: "" }];
+    setOptRows(copy);
+    scheduleCommit({ options: copy });
+  };
+
+  // 计分映射：非法输入暂存不提交（保留草稿供用户修正）
+  const onScoreMapChange = (v: string) => {
+    setScoreMapDraft(v);
+    const parsed = parseScoreMap(v);
+    if (parsed !== null) {
+      scheduleCommit({ scoreMap: parsed.length > 0 ? parsed : undefined });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const strField = (label: string, draft: string, field: keyof Question, setDraft: (v: string) => void) => (
+    <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+      <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>{label}</Text>
+      <Input
+        size="small"
+        style={{ width: 160 }}
+        value={draft}
+        onChange={(e) => {
+          setDraft(e.target.value);
+          scheduleCommit({ [field]: e.target.value } as Partial<Question>);
+        }}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <div style={{ marginTop: 10, padding: "12px 14px", background: "#f8fafc", borderRadius: 10, border: "1px solid #eef2f7" }}>
+      {/* 基础字段 */}
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", flexWrap: "wrap", gap: 16 }}>
+        <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+          <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>因子</Text>
+          <Select
+            size="small"
+            showSearch
+            allowClear
+            style={{ width: 150 }}
+            placeholder="（无）"
+            value={question.factor || undefined}
+            onChange={(v: string | undefined) => onCommit({ factor: v || undefined })}
+            options={allFactors.map((f) => ({ value: f, label: f }))}
+          />
+        </div>
+        <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+          <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>反向计分</Text>
+          <Switch size="small" checked={!!question.reverse} onChange={(v) => onCommit({ reverse: v })} />
+        </div>
+        {weightMode && (
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+            <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>权重</Text>
+            <InputNumber size="small" min={0} step={0.1} value={question.weight ?? 1}
+              onChange={(v) => onCommit({ weight: v ?? undefined })} style={{ width: 80 }} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 专属选项 */}
+      <div style={{ marginTop: 12, borderTop: "1px solid #e8eef5", paddingTop: 12 }}>
+        <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12, display: "block", marginBottom: 4 }}>专属选项（覆盖全局选项，空列表即使用全局）</Text>
+        {optRows.length > 0 && (
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: 6, fontSize: 11, color: "#64748b", padding: "0 4px" }}>
+            <span style={{ width: 60 }}>值</span>
+            <span style={{ flex: 1 }}>标签</span>
+            <span style={{ width: 72 }}>得分</span>
+            <span style={{ width: 32 }} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {optRows.map((o, i) => (
+          <div key={i} style={{ display: "flex", gap: 6, marginTop: 4, alignItems: "center" }}>
+            <Input size="small" style={{ width: 60 }} placeholder="值" value={String(o.value)}
+              onChange={(e) => updateOpt(i, "value", e.target.value)} />
+            <Input size="small" style={{ flex: 1 }} placeholder="标签" value={o.label}
+              onChange={(e) => updateOpt(i, "label", e.target.value)} />
+            <InputNumber size="small" style={{ width: 72 }} placeholder="得分" value={o.score}
+              onChange={(v) => updateOpt(i, "score", v ?? undefined)} />
+            <Button type="text" danger icon={<DeleteOutlined />} aria-label="删除选项行"
+              style={{ minWidth: 32, minHeight: 32 }}
+              onClick={() => removeOpt(i)} />
+          </div>
+        ))}
+        <Button size="small" type="dashed" icon={<PlusOutlined />} onClick={addOpt}
+          style={{ marginTop: 6, color: "#1e3a5f" }}>添加选项</Button>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 条件字段：有值才显示 */}
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", flexWrap: "wrap", gap: 16, marginTop: 12, borderTop: "1px solid #e8eef5", paddingTop: 12 }}>
+        {question.keyed !== undefined && (
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+            <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>计分方向 (keyed)</Text>
+            <Select size="small" style={{ width: 90 }} value={question.keyed}
+              onChange={(v) => onCommit({ keyed: (v || undefined) as Question["keyed"] })}
+              options={[{ value: "是", label: "是" }, { value: "否", label: "否" }]} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {question.filler !== undefined && (
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+            <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>不计分题 (filler)</Text>
+            <Switch size="small" checked={!!question.filler} onChange={(v) => onCommit({ filler: v })} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {question.scoreMap !== undefined && (
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: 2 }}>
+            <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>计分映射 (scoreMap，逗号分隔)</Text>
+            <Input size="small" style={{ width: 200 }} value={scoreMapDraft}
+              placeholder="如 0,1,2,3,4" onChange={(e) => onScoreMapChange(e.target.value)} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {question.part !== undefined && strField("分量表 (part)", partDraft, "part", setPartDraft)}
+        {question.subscale !== undefined && strField("分量表 (subscale)", subscaleDraft, "subscale", setSubscaleDraft)}
+        {question.dimension !== undefined && strField("维度 (dimension)", dimensionDraft, "dimension", setDimensionDraft)}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default QuestionCardExpanded;

client/src/components/QuestionCheckView.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import React, { useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { Button, Input, InputNumber, Select, Space, Switch, Table, Typography } from "antd";
+import { SearchOutlined, AimOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
+import type { Question } from "../types";
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+interface Props {
+  questions: Question[];
+  allFactors: string[];
+  weightMode?: boolean;
+  onCommitQuestion: (index: number, patch: Partial<Question>) => void;
+  onJumpToCard: (questionId: number) => void;
+}
+
+/** 只读核对视图：虚拟表格 + 快捷修改 reverse/factor/weight，跳转卡片视图定位 */
+const QuestionCheckView: React.FC<Props> = ({ questions, allFactors, weightMode, onCommitQuestion, onJumpToCard }) => {
+  const [factorFilter, setFactorFilter] = useState<string>();
+  const [quick, setQuick] = useState<"all" | "reverse" | "ungrouped">("all");
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
+
+  const filtered = useMemo(() => {
+    return questions
+      .map((q, idx) => ({ q, idx }))
+      .filter(({ q }) => {
+        if (factorFilter) {
+          const g = q.factor || "未分组";
+          if (g !== factorFilter) return false;
+        }
+        if (quick === "reverse" && !q.reverse) return false;
+        if (quick === "ungrouped" && q.factor) return false;
+        if (search) {
+          if (search.startsWith("#")) {
+            const id = parseInt(search.slice(1), 10);
+            if (isNaN(id) || q.id !== id) return false;
+          } else if (!q.text.includes(search) && !String(q.id).includes(search)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+  }, [questions, factorFilter, quick, search]);
+
+  const columns = [
+    { title: "ID", dataIndex: "id", width: 70, render: (id: number) => <Text strong style={{ color: "#1e3a5f", fontFamily: "SFMono-Regular, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Menlo, monospace" }}>#{id}</Text> },
+    {
+      title: "题干", dataIndex: "text", ellipsis: true,
+      render: (text: string) => text || <Text type="secondary">（空）</Text>,
+    },
+    {
+      title: "反向", width: 70,
+      render: (_: unknown, r: Question & { __idx: number }) => (
+        <Switch size="small" checked={!!r.reverse} onChange={(v) => onCommitQuestion(r.__idx, { reverse: v })} />
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: "因子", width: 140,
+      render: (_: unknown, r: Question & { __idx: number }) => (
+        <Select
+          size="small"
+          showSearch
+          allowClear
+          style={{ width: 120 }}
+          value={r.factor || undefined}
+          placeholder="（无）"
+          onChange={(v: string | undefined) => onCommitQuestion(r.__idx, { factor: v || undefined })}
+          options={allFactors.map((f) => ({ value: f, label: f }))}
+        />
+      ),
+    },
+    ...(weightMode ? [{
+      title: "权重", width: 90,
+      render: (_: unknown, r: Question & { __idx: number }) => (
+        <InputNumber size="small" min={0} step={0.1} value={r.weight ?? 1}
+          onChange={(v) => onCommitQuestion(r.__idx, { weight: v ?? undefined })} style={{ width: 70 }} />
+      ),
+    }] : []),
+    { title: "专属选项", width: 90, render: (_: unknown, r: Question) => (r.options?.length || 0) },
+    {
+      title: "操作", width: 90,
+      render: (_: unknown, r: Question) => (
+        <Button type="link" size="small" icon={<AimOutlined />} onClick={() => onJumpToCard(r.id)}>定位</Button>
+      ),
+    },
+  ];
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Space wrap style={{ marginBottom: 12 }}>
+        <Input
+          prefix={<SearchOutlined />}
+          placeholder="搜索题干 / #题号"
+          value={search}
+          onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+          allowClear
+          style={{ width: 200, borderRadius: 8 }}
+        />
+        <Select
+          placeholder="按因子筛选"
+          allowClear
+          style={{ width: 150 }}
+          value={factorFilter}
+          onChange={(v) => setFactorFilter(v)}
+          options={[...allFactors.map((f) => ({ value: f, label: f })), { value: "未分组", label: "未分组" }]}
+        />
+        <Select
+          value={quick}
+          style={{ width: 120 }}
+          onChange={(v) => setQuick(v)}
+          options={[
+            { value: "all", label: "全部" },
+            { value: "reverse", label: "仅反向" },
+            { value: "ungrouped", label: "仅未分组" },
+          ]}
+        />
+        <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>{filtered.length} 题</Text>
+      </Space>
+      <div style={{ border: "1px solid #eef2f7", borderRadius: 12, overflow: "hidden" }}>
+        <Table
+          virtual
+          rowKey="id"
+          size="small"
+          columns={columns}
+          dataSource={filtered.map(({ q, idx }) => ({ ...q, __idx: idx }))}
+          pagination={false}
+          scroll={{ x: 900, y: "calc(100vh - 400px)" }}
+          locale={{ emptyText: "无匹配题目" }}
+        />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default QuestionCheckView;

client/src/components/QuestionList.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+import React, { useMemo, useRef, useState, useEffect, useCallback } from "react";
+import { Empty, Tag, Typography } from "antd";
+import { useVirtualizer } from "@tanstack/react-virtual";
+import {
+  DndContext, DragOverlay, MeasuringStrategy,
+  PointerSensor, TouchSensor, KeyboardSensor, useSensor, useSensors,
+  type DragStartEvent, type DragEndEvent, type DragCancelEvent,
+} from "@dnd-kit/core";
+import { SortableContext, verticalListSortingStrategy, useSortable, sortableKeyboardCoordinates } from "@dnd-kit/sortable";
+import { CSS } from "@dnd-kit/utilities";
+import QuestionCard from "./QuestionCard";
+import QuestionBatchBar from "./QuestionBatchBar";
+import type { Question, ResponseOption } from "../types";
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+const UNGROUPED = "未分组";
+const MODE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  sum: "求和", directional: "方向计分", weighted: "权重", composite: "复合",
+};
+
+/** 因子归属：q.factor 优先，否则取 scoring.factors[f].items 含该题 id 的因子（MMPI 模型） */
+function groupOf(q: Question, itemFactorMap: Map<number, string>): string {
+  return q.factor ?? itemFactorMap.get(q.id) ?? UNGROUPED;
+}
+
+/** 由 scoring.factors[].items 构建 题目 id → 因子名 映射 */
+function buildItemFactorMap(scoringFactors: Record<string, { items?: number[] }> | undefined): Map<number, string> {
+  const m = new Map<number, string>();
+  for (const [f, def] of Object.entries(scoringFactors || {})) {
+    for (const id of def?.items || []) {
+      if (!m.has(id)) m.set(id, f);
+    }
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+export interface QuestionListProps {
+  questions: Question[];
+  search: string;
+  allFactors: string[];
+  /** scoring.factors 结构，用于分组头显示计分方式与 items 因子归属 */
+  scoringFactors?: Record<string, { name?: string; items?: number[]; scoring?: { mode?: string } }>;
+  defaultOptions?: ResponseOption[];
+  weightMode?: boolean;
+  /** 添加题目/校验跳转后滚动到指定题目 ID */
+  scrollToId?: number;
+  scrollNonce?: number;
+  onCommitQuestion: (index: number, patch: Partial<Question>) => void;
+  onDeleteQuestion: (index: number) => void;
+  onDuplicateQuestion: (index: number) => void;
+  onMoveQuestion: (index: number, dir: -1 | 1) => void;
+  onReorder: (oldIndex: number, newIndex: number) => void;
+  /** 跨组拖拽：移到目标组（targetQuestionIndex 为空表示落到组头） */
+  onDropIntoGroup: (movedIndex: number, targetGroup: string, targetQuestionIndex?: number) => void;
+  onBatchSetFactor: (ids: number[], factor?: string) => void;
+  onBatchSetReverse: (ids: number[], reverse: boolean) => void;
+  onBatchDelete: (ids: number[]) => void;
+  onBatchDuplicate: (ids: number[]) => void;
+}
+
+interface FilteredEntry {
+  q: Question;
+  realIndex: number;
+}
+
+type FlatRow =
+  | { key: string; kind: "header"; group: string; count: number; mode?: string }
+  | { key: string; kind: "question"; group: string; entry: FilteredEntry };
+
+/** 可拖拽行：useSortable 在此层调用（DragOverlay 不能复用同一 useSortable 组件） */
+const SortableRow: React.FC<{
+  id: string;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+  children: (dragHandleProps: Record<string, unknown>) => React.ReactNode;
+}> = ({ id, disabled, children }) => {
+  const { attributes, listeners, setNodeRef, transform, transition, isDragging } = useSortable({ id, disabled });
+  return (
+    <div
+      ref={setNodeRef}
+      style={{
+        transform: CSS.Translate.toString(transform),
+        transition,
+        opacity: isDragging ? 0.45 : 1,
+        width: "100%",
+      }}
+    >
+      {children({ ...attributes, ...listeners })}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+/** 分组头（虚拟行内）：作为拖拽落点（droppable-only，无 listeners/attributes → 不可拖起） */
+const GroupHeaderRow: React.FC<{ row: Extract<FlatRow, { kind: "header" }> }> = ({ row }) => {
+  const { setNodeRef, transform, transition } = useSortable({ id: row.key });
+  return (
+    <div ref={setNodeRef} style={{ transform: CSS.Translate.toString(transform), transition }}>
+      <div
+        style={{
+          display: "flex",
+          alignItems: "center",
+          gap: 8,
+          padding: "6px 12px",
+          background: "rgba(30,58,95,0.05)",
+          border: "1px solid transparent",
+          borderBottom: "1px solid #dbe4ef",
+          borderRadius: 8,
+          margin: "4px 2px",
+        }}
+      >
+        <Text strong style={{ fontSize: 13, color: "#1e3a5f" }}>{row.group}</Text>
+        <Tag style={{ marginInlineEnd: 0, fontSize: 11, color: "#475569", background: "rgba(30,58,95,0.08)", borderColor: "transparent" }}>{row.count} 题</Tag>
+        {row.mode && (
+          <Tag style={{ marginInlineEnd: 0, fontSize: 11, color: "#155e75", background: "rgba(8,145,178,0.1)", borderColor: "transparent" }}>
+            {MODE_LABELS[row.mode] || row.mode}
+          </Tag>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+const QuestionList: React.FC<QuestionListProps> = ({
+  questions, search, allFactors, scoringFactors, defaultOptions, weightMode,
+  scrollToId, scrollNonce,
+  onCommitQuestion, onDeleteQuestion, onDuplicateQuestion, onMoveQuestion,
+  onReorder, onDropIntoGroup,
+  onBatchSetFactor, onBatchSetReverse, onBatchDelete, onBatchDuplicate,
+}) => {
+  const parentRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
+  const [selected, setSelected] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
+  const [activeDrag, setActiveDrag] = useState<FilteredEntry | null>(null);
+  const [dragging, setDragging] = useState(false);
+  const [scrollTop, setScrollTop] = useState(0);
+
+  const hasFilter = !!search.trim();
+
+  // P1-1：MMPI 等量表的因子归属在 scoring.factors[].items（题号数组），题目上无 q.factor
+  const itemFactorMap = useMemo(() => buildItemFactorMap(scoringFactors), [scoringFactors]);
+  const effectiveGroup = useCallback((q: Question) => groupOf(q, itemFactorMap), [itemFactorMap]);
+
+  // ===== 过滤 =====
+  const filteredEntries = useMemo<FilteredEntry[]>(() => {
+    const s = search.trim();
+    const list: FilteredEntry[] = [];
+    questions.forEach((q, realIndex) => {
+      if (!s) { list.push({ q, realIndex }); return; }
+      if (s.startsWith("#")) {
+        const id = parseInt(s.slice(1), 10);
+        if (!isNaN(id) && q.id === id) list.push({ q, realIndex });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (q.text.includes(s) || String(q.id).includes(s)) list.push({ q, realIndex });
+    });
+    return list;
+  }, [questions, search]);
+
+  // ===== 分组顺序：scoring.factors key 优先，再按题目出现顺序，未分组最后 =====
+  const factorOrder = useMemo(() => {
+    const order: string[] = [];
+    for (const k of Object.keys(scoringFactors || {})) if (!order.includes(k)) order.push(k);
+    for (const q of questions) {
+      const f = q.factor;
+      if (f && !order.includes(f)) order.push(f);
+    }
+    if (!order.includes(UNGROUPED)) order.push(UNGROUPED);
+    return order;
+  }, [scoringFactors, questions]);
+
+  // ===== 扁平行（分组模式：header + question；过滤模式：仅 question） =====
+  const flatRows = useMemo<FlatRow[]>(() => {
+    if (hasFilter) {
+      return filteredEntries.map((e) => ({
+        key: String(e.q.id), kind: "question" as const, group: effectiveGroup(e.q), entry: e,
+      }));
+    }
+    const byGroup = new Map<string, FilteredEntry[]>();
+    for (const e of filteredEntries) {
+      const g = effectiveGroup(e.q);
+      if (!byGroup.has(g)) byGroup.set(g, []);
+      byGroup.get(g)!.push(e);
+    }
+    const groups = factorOrder.filter((g) => byGroup.has(g));
+    for (const g of byGroup.keys()) if (!groups.includes(g)) groups.push(g);
+
+    const rows: FlatRow[] = [];
+    for (const g of groups) {
+      const mode = scoringFactors?.[g]?.scoring?.mode;
+      rows.push({ key: `H:${g}`, kind: "header", group: g, count: byGroup.get(g)!.length, mode });
+      for (const e of byGroup.get(g)!) rows.push({ key: String(e.q.id), kind: "question", group: g, entry: e });
+    }
+    return rows;
+  }, [filteredEntries, hasFilter, factorOrder, scoringFactors, effectiveGroup]);
+
+  // ===== 组内序号（上移/下移按钮用） =====
+  const groupPos = useMemo(() => {
+    const m = new Map<number, { idx: number; count: number }>();
+    if (!hasFilter) {
+      let curIdx = 0;
+      let curCount = 0;
+      for (const r of flatRows) {
+        if (r.kind === "header") {
+          curIdx = 0;
+          curCount = r.count;
+        } else if (r.kind === "question" && r.entry) {
+          m.set(r.entry.q.id, { idx: curIdx, count: curCount });
+          curIdx++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return m;
+  }, [flatRows, hasFilter]);
+
+  const groupMeta = useMemo(() => {
+    const meta: Record<string, { count: number; mode?: string }> = {};
+    for (const r of flatRows) {
+      if (r.kind === "header") meta[r.group] = { count: r.count, mode: r.mode };
+    }
+    return meta;
+  }, [flatRows]);
+
+  // ===== 虚拟列表 =====
+  const virtualizer = useVirtualizer({
+    count: flatRows.length,
+    getScrollElement: () => parentRef.current,
+    estimateSize: (i) => (flatRows[i]?.kind === "header" ? 36 : 120),
+    overscan: 5,
+    measureElement: (el) => el.getBoundingClientRect().height,
+  });
+
+  const virtualItems = virtualizer.getVirtualItems();
+
+  // ===== 当前分组（吸顶条） =====
+  const currentGroup = useMemo(() => {
+    if (hasFilter || virtualItems.length === 0) return null;
+    const atTop = virtualItems.find((v) => v.end > scrollTop) || virtualItems[0];
+    const row = flatRows[atTop?.index ?? 0];
+    if (!row) return null;
+    const meta = groupMeta[row.group] || { count: 0 };
+    return { group: row.group, count: meta.count, mode: meta.mode };
+  }, [hasFilter, virtualItems, flatRows, groupMeta, scrollTop]);
+
+  const onScroll = useCallback(() => {
+    setScrollTop(parentRef.current?.scrollTop ?? 0);
+  }, []);
+
+  // 添加题目/校验跳转后滚动（按题目 ID 定位）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (scrollNonce !== undefined && scrollToId !== undefined) {
+      const idx = flatRows.findIndex((r) => r.kind === "question" && r.entry!.q.id === scrollToId);
+      if (idx !== -1) virtualizer.scrollToIndex(idx, { align: "auto" });
+    }
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [scrollNonce]);
+
+  // ===== dnd（Pointer/Touch/Keyboard：拖柄聚焦后 Space 或方向键排序） =====
+  const sensors = useSensors(
+    useSensor(PointerSensor, { activationConstraint: { distance: 4 } }),
+    useSensor(TouchSensor, { activationConstraint: { delay: 120, tolerance: 8 } }),
+    useSensor(KeyboardSensor, { coordinateGetter: sortableKeyboardCoordinates }),
+  );
+
+  const handleDragStart = (e: DragStartEvent) => {
+    setDragging(true);
+    const row = flatRows.find((r): r is Extract<FlatRow, { kind: "question" }> =>
+      r.kind === "question" && r.key === String(e.active.id));
+    if (row) setActiveDrag(row.entry);
+  };
+  const handleDragEnd = (e: DragEndEvent) => {
+    setDragging(false);
+    setActiveDrag(null);
+    const { active, over } = e;
+    if (!over || active.id === over.id) return;
+    const fromRow = flatRows.find((r): r is Extract<FlatRow, { kind: "question" }> =>
+      r.kind === "question" && r.key === String(active.id));
+    const overRow = flatRows.find((r) => r.key === String(over.id));
+    if (!fromRow || !overRow) return;
+    if (overRow.kind === "header") {
+      // 落到组头：移入该组并置于组首
+      onDropIntoGroup(fromRow.entry.realIndex, overRow.group);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (overRow.group === fromRow.group) {
+      onReorder(fromRow.entry.realIndex, overRow.entry.realIndex);
+    } else {
+      // 跨组：重排并修改被拖题的 factor
+      onDropIntoGroup(fromRow.entry.realIndex, overRow.group, overRow.entry.realIndex);
+    }
+  };
+  const handleDragCancel = (_e: DragCancelEvent) => {
+    setDragging(false);
+    setActiveDrag(null);
+  };
+
+  // ===== 批量勾选 =====
+  const selectedIds = useMemo(() => [...selected], [selected]);
+  const toggleSelect = (id: number) => {
+    setSelected((prev) => {
+      const next = new Set(prev);
+      if (next.has(id)) next.delete(id);
+      else next.add(id);
+      return next;
+    });
+  };
+  const handleSelectAll = () => setSelected(new Set(filteredEntries.map((e) => e.q.id)));
+  const handleClear = () => setSelected(new Set());
+  const handleBatchDelete = () => {
+    onBatchDelete(selectedIds);
+    setSelected(new Set());
+  };
+
+  // ===== 组内移动（上移/下移按钮） =====
+  const handleGroupMove = (entry: FilteredEntry, dir: -1 | 1) => {
+    if (hasFilter) { onMoveQuestion(entry.realIndex, dir); return; }
+    const members = flatRows.filter((r): r is Extract<FlatRow, { kind: "question" }> =>
+      r.kind === "question" && r.group === effectiveGroup(entry.q));
+    const gIdx = members.findIndex((r) => r.entry.q.id === entry.q.id);
+    const target = members[gIdx + dir];
+    if (target) onReorder(entry.realIndex, target.entry.realIndex);
+  };
+
+  const toggleExpand = (id: number) => {
+    setExpanded((prev) => {
+      const next = new Set(prev);
+      if (next.has(id)) next.delete(id);
+      else next.add(id);
+      return next;
+    });
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <QuestionBatchBar
+        selectedCount={selectedIds.length}
+        totalCount={filteredEntries.length}
+        allFactors={allFactors}
+        onSelectAll={handleSelectAll}
+        onClear={handleClear}
+        onSetFactor={(f) => onBatchSetFactor(selectedIds, f)}
+        onSetReverse={(v) => onBatchSetReverse(selectedIds, v)}
+        onDelete={handleBatchDelete}
+        onDuplicate={() => onBatchDuplicate(selectedIds)}
+      />
+      <div
+        ref={parentRef}
+        onScroll={onScroll}
+        style={{
+          height: "calc(100vh - 340px)",
+          minHeight: 320,
+          overflowY: "auto",
+          border: "1px solid #eef2f7",
+          borderRadius: 12,
+          background: "#fafbfc",
+          padding: "0 6px 8px",
+        }}
+      >
+        {/* 吸顶当前分组条（仅分组模式） */}
+        {currentGroup && (
+          <div
+            style={{
+              position: "sticky",
+              top: 0,
+              zIndex: 30,
+              display: "flex",
+              alignItems: "center",
+              gap: 8,
+              padding: "6px 12px",
+              background: "rgba(238,244,251,0.88)",
+              backdropFilter: "blur(8px)",
+              WebkitBackdropFilter: "blur(8px)",
+              borderBottom: "1px solid #cfe0f2",
+              marginBottom: 4,
+              borderRadius: "0 0 8px 8px",
+            }}
+          >
+            <Text strong style={{ fontSize: 13, color: "#1e3a5f" }}>{currentGroup.group}</Text>
+            <Tag style={{ marginInlineEnd: 0, fontSize: 11, color: "#475569", background: "rgba(30,58,95,0.08)", borderColor: "transparent" }}>{currentGroup.count} 题</Tag>
+            {currentGroup.mode && (
+              <Tag style={{ marginInlineEnd: 0, fontSize: 11, color: "#155e75", background: "rgba(8,145,178,0.1)", borderColor: "transparent" }}>
+                {MODE_LABELS[currentGroup.mode] || currentGroup.mode}
+              </Tag>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {flatRows.length === 0 ? (
+          <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center", paddingTop: 80 }}>
+            <Empty description={hasFilter ? "无匹配题目" : "暂无题目，点击「添加题目」创建"} />
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <div style={{ height: virtualizer.getTotalSize(), width: "100%", position: "relative" }}>
+            <DndContext
+              sensors={sensors}
+              onDragStart={handleDragStart}
+              onDragEnd={handleDragEnd}
+              onDragCancel={handleDragCancel}
+              // 虚拟列表只有视口内卡片在 DOM 中：Always 策略在拖拽期间每帧重测 droppable rect
+              measuring={{ droppable: { strategy: MeasuringStrategy.Always } }}
+            >
+              <SortableContext items={flatRows.map((r) => r.key)} strategy={verticalListSortingStrategy}>
+                {virtualItems.map((vr) => {
+                  const row = flatRows[vr.index];
+                  const rowStyle = {
+                    position: "absolute" as const,
+                    top: 0,
+                    left: 0,
+                    width: "100%",
+                    transform: `translateY(${vr.start}px)`,
+                    padding: "2px 0",
+                  };
+                  if (row.kind === "header") {
+                    return (
+                      <div key={row.key} data-index={vr.index} ref={virtualizer.measureElement} style={rowStyle}>
+                        <GroupHeaderRow row={row} />
+                      </div>
+                    );
+                  }
+                  const q = row.entry!.q;
+                  const pos = groupPos.get(q.id);
+                  return (
+                    <div key={row.key} data-index={vr.index} ref={virtualizer.measureElement} style={rowStyle}>
+                      <SortableRow id={row.key} disabled={hasFilter}>
+                        {(dragHandleProps) => (
+                          <QuestionCard
+                            question={q}
+                            index={hasFilter ? row.entry!.realIndex : (pos?.idx ?? 0)}
+                            isLast={hasFilter ? row.entry!.realIndex === questions.length - 1 : (pos ? pos.idx === pos.count - 1 : true)}
+                            allFactors={allFactors}
+                            defaultOptions={defaultOptions}
+                            weightMode={weightMode}
+                            dragHandleProps={dragHandleProps}
+                            onCommit={(patch) => onCommitQuestion(row.entry!.realIndex, patch)}
+                            onDelete={() => onDeleteQuestion(row.entry!.realIndex)}
+                            onDuplicate={() => onDuplicateQuestion(row.entry!.realIndex)}
+                            onMove={(dir) => handleGroupMove(row.entry!, dir)}
+                            expanded={expanded.has(q.id)}
+                            onToggleExpand={() => toggleExpand(q.id)}
+                            selected={!dragging && selected.has(q.id)}
+                            onToggleSelect={!dragging ? () => toggleSelect(q.id) : undefined}
+                          />
+                        )}
+                      </SortableRow>
+                    </div>
+                  );
+                })}
+              </SortableContext>
+              <DragOverlay dropAnimation={null}>
+                {activeDrag && (
+                  <div
+                    style={{
+                      background: "#fff",
+                      border: "1px solid #cfe0f2",
+                      borderRadius: 12,
+                      boxShadow: "0 12px 32px rgba(30,58,95,0.18)",
+                      transform: "scale(1.02)",
+                      padding: "10px 14px",
+                      width: 380,
+                      maxWidth: "calc(100vw - 32px)",
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    <div style={{ fontSize: 13, fontWeight: 600, color: "#1e3a5f", marginBottom: 4 }}>
+                      #{activeDrag.q.id}
+                      {effectiveGroup(activeDrag.q) !== UNGROUPED && (
+                        <span style={{ marginLeft: 8, fontWeight: 400 }}>{effectiveGroup(activeDrag.q)}</span>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                    <div style={{ fontSize: 13, color: "#1f2937", lineHeight: 1.5 }}>
+                      {activeDrag.q.text || "（空题干）"}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </DragOverlay>
+            </DndContext>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default QuestionList;

client/src/components/Watermark.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ function matchPage(current: string, pageKey: string): boolean {
 }
 
 function replacePlaceholders(text: string, vars: Record<string, string>): string {
-  return text.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (_, key) => vars[key] || `{${key}}`);
+  // hasOwnProperty 区分「未提供占位符」（原样保留）与「值为空串」（替换为空）
+  // 否则空串会被 || 当成缺失 → {userId} 等占位符原样显示（线上事故）
+  return text.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (_, key) =>
+    Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(vars, key) ? vars[key] : `{${key}}`
+  );
 }
 
 interface WatermarkProps {
@@ -47,12 +51,13 @@ const Watermark: React.FC<WatermarkProps> = ({ enabled, text, opacity, angle, pa
     const el = containerRef.current;
     if (!el) return;
 
-    // Clear previous shadow root
+    // Shadow root 复用：元素已挂载过 shadow 则直接复用（attachShadow 对已挂载的元素
-    while (el.firstChild) el.removeChild(el.firstChild);
+    // 二次调用会抛 "Shadow root cannot be created on a host which already hosts a shadow tree"；
-
+    // user 加载完成后 effect 重跑即触发此路径，必须复用而非重建）
-    // Create shadow root for isolation + anti-tamper
     let shadow: ShadowRoot;
-    if (typeof el.attachShadow === 'function') {
+    if (el.shadowRoot) {
+      shadow = el.shadowRoot;
+    } else if (typeof el.attachShadow === 'function') {
       shadow = el.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
     } else {
       return;
@@ -105,24 +110,33 @@ const Watermark: React.FC<WatermarkProps> = ({ enabled, text, opacity, angle, pa
 
     renderWatermark();
 
-    // MutationObserver: auto-rebuild if deleted
+    // MutationObserver: 仅当水印被外部删除（shadow 变空）时重建（防篡改）。
+    // 不能监听任意 childList 变化——renderWatermark 自身的清空+重建会触发它，
+    // 造成「重建→触发→重建」无限循环，窗口缩放时直接卡死（线上事故）。
+    // renderWatermark 的清空+重建是同步的，微任务回调触发时子节点已恢复（count>0），不会误触发。
     let observer: MutationObserver | null = null;
     if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
       observer = new MutationObserver(() => {
-        if (!el.isConnected) return;
+        if (!el.isConnected || !el.shadowRoot) return;
-        renderWatermark();
+        if (el.shadowRoot.childElementCount === 0) renderWatermark();
       });
       observer.observe(shadow, { childList: true, subtree: true });
     }
 
-    const onResize = () => renderWatermark();
+    // resize 防抖：拖拽缩放窗口期间 resize 事件高频触发，全量重建水印网格开销大，合并到 200ms 后一次
+    let resizeTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+    const onResize = () => {
+      if (resizeTimer) clearTimeout(resizeTimer);
+      resizeTimer = setTimeout(renderWatermark, 200);
+    };
     window.addEventListener('resize', onResize);
 
     return () => {
+      if (resizeTimer) clearTimeout(resizeTimer);
       window.removeEventListener('resize', onResize);
       if (observer) observer.disconnect();
     };
-  }, [enabled, text, opacity, angle, pages, extraVars?.recordId, extraVars?.scaleName]);
+  }, [enabled, text, opacity, angle, pages, extraVars?.recordId, extraVars?.scaleName, user?.id, user?.name]);
 
   if (!enabled) return null;
 

client/src/components/useScaleHistory.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useReducer, useRef } from "react";
+import type { Scale } from "../types";
+
+/**
+ * 撤销/重做历史（v2 编辑器）。
+ * - 入栈基于 JSON 深拷贝（scale 结构小，可接受）
+ * - 题干防抖提交合并：opts.merge 时，与上次提交间隔 < 500ms 则只覆盖不新增快照
+ * - Ctrl/Cmd+Z 撤销、Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+Z / Ctrl+Y 重做；输入框聚焦时不触发
+ */
+
+const LIMIT = 50;
+const MERGE_MS = 500;
+
+interface HistoryState {
+  scale: Scale;
+  past: Scale[];
+  future: Scale[];
+}
+
+type Action =
+  | { type: "commit"; mutator: (prev: Scale) => Scale; merged: boolean }
+  | { type: "replace"; scale: Scale }
+  | { type: "undo" }
+  | { type: "redo" };
+
+const clone = (s: Scale): Scale => JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(s));
+
+function reducer(state: HistoryState, action: Action): HistoryState {
+  switch (action.type) {
+    case "commit": {
+      const next = action.mutator(state.scale);
+      if (next === state.scale) return state;
+      if (action.merged && state.past.length > 0) {
+        // 合并提交：不新增快照，直接覆盖当前 scale
+        return { scale: next, past: state.past, future: [] };
+      }
+      return { scale: next, past: [...state.past.slice(-(LIMIT - 1)), clone(state.scale)], future: [] };
+    }
+    case "replace":
+      return { scale: action.scale, past: [], future: [] };
+    case "undo": {
+      if (state.past.length === 0) return state;
+      const prev = state.past[state.past.length - 1];
+      return { scale: prev, past: state.past.slice(0, -1), future: [clone(state.scale), ...state.future].slice(0, LIMIT) };
+    }
+    case "redo": {
+      if (state.future.length === 0) return state;
+      const [next, ...rest] = state.future;
+      return { scale: next, past: [...state.past, clone(state.scale)].slice(-LIMIT), future: rest };
+    }
+    default:
+      return state;
+  }
+}
+
+export function useScaleHistory(initialScale: Scale) {
+  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialScale, (s) => ({ scale: s, past: [], future: [] }));
+
+  const lastMergeTime = useRef(0);
+
+  const commit = useCallback((mutator: (prev: Scale) => Scale, opts?: { merge?: boolean }) => {
+    let merged = false;
+    if (opts?.merge) {
+      const now = Date.now();
+      merged = now - lastMergeTime.current < MERGE_MS;
+      lastMergeTime.current = now;
+    }
+    dispatch({ type: "commit", mutator, merged });
+  }, []);
+
+  const replace = useCallback((scale: Scale) => {
+    dispatch({ type: "replace", scale });
+  }, []);
+
+  const undo = useCallback(() => dispatch({ type: "undo" }), []);
+  const redo = useCallback(() => dispatch({ type: "redo" }), []);
+
+  // 全局键盘监听：排除输入框/文本域/下拉焦点（避免与原生撤销冲突）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+      const target = e.target as HTMLElement | null;
+      if (target) {
+        const tag = target.tagName;
+        if (tag === "INPUT" || tag === "TEXTAREA" || tag === "SELECT" || target.isContentEditable) return;
+      }
+      const mod = e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey;
+      if (!mod) return;
+      const key = e.key.toLowerCase();
+      if (key === "z") {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        if (e.shiftKey) redo();
+        else undo();
+      } else if (key === "y") {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        redo();
+      }
+    };
+    window.addEventListener("keydown", handler);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener("keydown", handler);
+  }, [undo, redo]);
+
+  return {
+    scale: state.scale,
+    commit,
+    replace,
+    undo,
+    redo,
+    canUndo: state.past.length > 0,
+    canRedo: state.future.length > 0,
+  };
+}

client/src/pages/LoginPage.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
-import { Card, Form, Input, Button, Typography, message, Tabs, Modal } from 'antd';
+import { Card, Form, Input, Button, Typography, message, Tabs } from 'antd';
 import { MailOutlined, LockOutlined, UserOutlined, SendOutlined, IdcardOutlined, CheckCircleOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { useAppStore } from '../store';
 import { authApi, captchaApi, settingsApi } from '../api';
+import CaptchaModal, { type CaptchaMode } from '../components/CaptchaModal';
 
 const { Text } = Typography;
 
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {
   const [devCode, setDevCode] = useState('');
   const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState('login');
   const [captchaInfo, setCaptchaInfo] = useState<{ siteKey: string; actions: Record<string, boolean> }>({ siteKey: '', actions: {} });
+  const [captchaMode, setCaptchaMode] = useState<CaptchaMode>('turnstile');
   const [captchaModal, setCaptchaModal] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [captchaToken, setCaptchaToken] = useState('');
   const [captchaVerified, setCaptchaVerified] = useState(false);
@@ -37,7 +39,6 @@ const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {
   const [rainidEnabled, setRainidEnabled] = useState(false);
   const [registerRedirect, setRegisterRedirect] = useState(false);
   const [oidcBusy, setOidcBusy] = useState(false);
-  const captchaWidgetId = useRef<string | null>(null);
 
   // RainID OIDC 回跳收尾：一次性过渡码换 token / 错误码映射 / 登出回跳清 token。
   // OIDC 走整页跳转，此 effect 仅在页面挂载时执行一次。
@@ -66,65 +67,46 @@ const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {
     settingsApi.getPublic().then(data => {
       if (data) {
         if (data.login_bg) setLoginBg(data.login_bg);
-        if (data.rainid_enabled === '1') setRainidEnabled(true);
+        // SSO 按钮仅当 rainid_configured=true（fail-closed：enabled + client_id + secret 齐全）时显示
+        if (data.rainid_configured) setRainidEnabled(true);
         if (data.rainid_register_redirect === '1') setRegisterRedirect(true);
       }
     }).catch(() => {});
     captchaApi.status().then(data => {
-      if (data.siteKey) {
+      if (!data) return;
-        setCaptchaInfo({ siteKey: data.siteKey, actions: data.actions || {} });
+      const type = data.type || 'turnstile';
-        if (!document.querySelector('script[src*="turnstile"]')) {
+      const useBuiltin = type === 'builtin' || type === 'both';
+      setCaptchaMode(useBuiltin ? 'builtin' : 'turnstile');
+      setCaptchaInfo({ siteKey: data.siteKey || '', actions: data.actions || {} });
+      if (data.siteKey && !useBuiltin && !document.querySelector('script[src*="turnstile"]')) {
         const s = document.createElement('script');
         s.src = 'https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js';
         s.async = true; s.defer = true;
         document.head.appendChild(s);
       }
-      }
     }).catch(() => {});
   }, []);
 
-  useEffect(() => {
+  // 内置模式不依赖 Turnstile siteKey；turnstile 模式仍需 siteKey 才要求验证
-    if (captchaModal && window.turnstile && captchaInfo.siteKey) {
+  const needCaptcha = (action: string) => captchaMode === 'builtin'
-      setTimeout(() => {
+    ? !!captchaInfo.actions[action]
-        const el = document.getElementById('cf-captcha-modal');
+    : !!(captchaInfo.actions[action] && captchaInfo.siteKey);
-        if (el && !el.children.length && window.turnstile) {
-          captchaWidgetId.current = window.turnstile.render('#cf-captcha-modal', {
-            sitekey: captchaInfo.siteKey, theme: 'light',
-          });
-        }
-      }, 200);
-    }
-  }, [captchaModal, captchaInfo.siteKey]);
-
-  const needCaptcha = (action: string) => !!(captchaInfo.actions[action] && captchaInfo.siteKey);
   const currentAction = activeTab === 'login' ? 'login' : 'register';
   const showCaptchaBtn = needCaptcha(currentAction);
 
-  const getToken = () => {
-    const ts = window.turnstile;
-    if (!ts || !captchaWidgetId.current) return '';
-    try { return ts.getResponse(captchaWidgetId.current) || ''; } catch { return ''; }
-  };
-
   const resetCaptcha = () => {
-    const ts = window.turnstile;
-    if (ts && captchaWidgetId.current) try { ts.reset(captchaWidgetId.current); } catch {}
     setCaptchaToken('');
     setCaptchaVerified(false);
   };
 
   const openCaptcha = () => {
-    captchaWidgetId.current = null;
     setCaptchaModal(currentAction);
   };
 
-  const confirmCaptcha = () => {
+  /** 登录/注册提交：按模式携带对应验证字段（内置=proof，Turnstile=token） */
-    const token = getToken();
+  const captchaPayload = () => captchaMode === 'builtin'
-    if (!token) { message.warning('请完成人机验证'); return; }
+    ? { captchaProof: captchaToken, turnstileToken: undefined }
-    setCaptchaToken(token);
+    : { captchaProof: undefined, turnstileToken: captchaToken };
-    setCaptchaVerified(true);
-    setCaptchaModal(null);
-  };
 
   const startCountdown = () => {
     setCountdown(60);
@@ -202,11 +184,12 @@ const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {
     if (showCaptchaBtn && !captchaVerified) { message.warning('请先完成人机验证'); return; }
     setLoading(true);
     try {
-      const res = await authApi.login(values.username, values.password, captchaToken);
+      const { turnstileToken, captchaProof } = captchaPayload();
+      const res = await authApi.login(values.username, values.password, turnstileToken, captchaProof);
       if (res.success) handleLoginSuccess(res);
     } catch (e: any) {
       message.error(e.response?.data?.error?.message || '登录失败');
-      // Turnstile proof 为一次性消费：登录失败后作废，重置验证状态允许重新验证
+      // 验证 proof 为一次性消费：失败后作废，重置验证状态允许重新验证
       resetCaptcha();
     } finally { setLoading(false); }
   };
@@ -215,7 +198,8 @@ const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {
     if (showCaptchaBtn && !captchaVerified) { message.warning('请先完成人机验证'); return; }
     setLoading(true);
     try {
-      const res = await authApi.register(values.name, values.email, values.code, values.password, captchaToken);
+      const { turnstileToken, captchaProof } = captchaPayload();
+      const res = await authApi.register(values.name, values.email, values.code, values.password, turnstileToken, captchaProof);
       if (res.success) { login(res.data.token, res.data.user); message.success('注册成功'); navigate('/'); }
     } catch (e: any) {
       message.error(e.response?.data?.error?.message || '注册失败');
@@ -343,13 +327,17 @@ const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {
         ]} />
       </Card>
 
-      <Modal title="人机验证" open={!!captchaModal}
+      <CaptchaModal
-        onOk={confirmCaptcha}
+        open={!!captchaModal}
+        mode={captchaMode}
+        siteKey={captchaInfo.siteKey}
+        onOk={(proof) => {
+          setCaptchaToken(proof);
+          setCaptchaVerified(true);
+          setCaptchaModal(null);
+        }}
         onCancel={() => { setCaptchaModal(null); resetCaptcha(); }}
-        okText="确认" width={380} destroyOnClose>
+      />
-        <p style={{ textAlign: 'center', marginBottom: 16 }}>请完成人机验证</p>
-        <div id="cf-captcha-modal" style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', minHeight: 65 }} />
-      </Modal>
     </div>
   );
 };

client/src/pages/MyScales.tsx

@@ -4,13 +4,10 @@ import { PlusOutlined, EditOutlined, DeleteOutlined, ShareAltOutlined, SendOutli
 import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
 import { userScaleApi, captchaApi } from "../api";
 import { useAppStore } from "../store";
+import CaptchaModal, { BuiltinCaptchaInline, type CaptchaMode } from "../components/CaptchaModal";
 
 const { Text } = Typography;
 
-declare global {
-  interface Window { turnstile?: { render: (el: string, opts: any) => string; getResponse: (wid: string) => string; reset: (wid: string) => void }; }
-}
-
 function userIdSuffix(id: string): string {
   let hash = 0;
   for (let i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
@@ -39,14 +36,20 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
   const [newName, setNewName] = useState("");
   const [captchaState, setCaptchaState] = useState<{ action: string; fn: (t: string) => Promise<void> } | null>(null);
   const [siteKey, setSiteKey] = useState('');
+  const [captchaMode, setCaptchaMode] = useState<CaptchaMode>('turnstile');
+  const [createProof, setCreateProof] = useState('');
   const cfWidget = useRef<string | null>(null);
 
-  // Load Turnstile once
+  // Load Turnstile once (仅 turnstile 模式需要)
   useEffect(() => {
     captchaApi.status().then(data => {
+      if (!data) return;
+      const type = data.type || 'turnstile';
+      const useBuiltin = type === 'builtin' || type === 'both';
+      setCaptchaMode(useBuiltin ? 'builtin' : 'turnstile');
       if (data.siteKey) {
         setSiteKey(data.siteKey);
-        if (!window.turnstile) {
+        if (!useBuiltin && !window.turnstile) {
           const s = document.createElement('script');
           s.src = 'https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js';
           s.async = true; s.defer = true;
@@ -56,18 +59,6 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
     }).catch(() => {});
   }, []);
 
-  // Render captcha when modal opens
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (captchaState && siteKey && window.turnstile) {
-      setTimeout(() => {
-        const el = document.getElementById('cf-widget');
-        if (el && !el.children.length && window.turnstile) {
-          cfWidget.current = window.turnstile.render('#cf-widget', { sitekey: siteKey, theme: 'light' });
-        }
-      }, 300);
-    }
-  }, [captchaState, siteKey]);
-
   const getToken = () => {
     const ts = window.turnstile;
     if (ts && cfWidget.current) return ts.getResponse(cfWidget.current);
@@ -89,7 +80,7 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
 
   useEffect(() => { loadData(); }, [loadData]);
 
-  const handleCreate = async (turnstileToken = '') => {
+  const handleCreate = async (captchaToken = '') => {
     if (!newId || !newName) { message.warning("请填写ID和名称"); return; }
     const suffix = userIdSuffix(user?.id || "");
     const finalId = `${newId}-${suffix}`;
@@ -103,7 +94,8 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
       interpretation: { rules: [] },
     };
     try {
-      await userScaleApi.create(finalId, content, turnstileToken);
+      if (captchaMode === 'builtin') await userScaleApi.create(finalId, content, undefined, captchaToken);
+      else await userScaleApi.create(finalId, content, captchaToken);
       message.success(`创建成功，量表ID: ${finalId}`);
       setCreateModal(false);
       setNewId(""); setNewName("");
@@ -118,14 +110,18 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
     loadData();
   };
 
-  const handleShare = async (id: string, turnstileToken = '') => {
+  const handleShare = async (id: string, captchaToken = '') => {
-    const res = await userScaleApi.share(id, turnstileToken);
+    const res = captchaMode === 'builtin'
+      ? await userScaleApi.share(id, undefined, captchaToken)
+      : await userScaleApi.share(id, captchaToken);
     const siteUrl = localStorage.getItem("site_url") || window.location.origin;
     setShareModal({ url: `${siteUrl}${res.url}`, code: res.shareCode });
   };
 
-  const handleSubmitReview = async (id: string, turnstileToken = '') => {
+  const handleSubmitReview = async (id: string, captchaToken = '') => {
-    const res = await userScaleApi.submitReview(id, turnstileToken);
+    const res = captchaMode === 'builtin'
+      ? await userScaleApi.submitReview(id, undefined, captchaToken)
+      : await userScaleApi.submitReview(id, captchaToken);
     if (res.error) { message.error(res.error); return; }
     message.success("已提交审核");
     loadData();
@@ -182,12 +178,15 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
       <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between", marginBottom: 16 }}>
         <h2 style={{ margin: 0, fontSize: 18 }}>我的量表</h2>
         <Button type="primary" icon={<PlusOutlined />}
-          onClick={() => { setCreateModal(true); setTimeout(() => {
+          onClick={() => {
+            setCreateModal(true);
+            if (captchaMode === 'turnstile') setTimeout(() => {
               const ts = window.turnstile;
               if (siteKey && ts && document.getElementById('cf-widget-create') && !document.getElementById('cf-widget-create')?.children.length) {
                 cfWidget.current = ts.render('#cf-widget-create', { sitekey: siteKey, theme: 'light' });
               }
-          }, 300); }}
+            }, 300);
+          }}
           style={{ background: "#1e3a5f", border: "none" }}>创建新量表</Button>
       </div>
       <Card style={{ borderRadius: 12 }}>
@@ -197,13 +196,19 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
 
       <Modal title="创建量表" open={createModal}
         onOk={async () => {
-          const ct = getToken();
           const need = await needCaptcha('create_scale');
+          if (captchaMode === 'builtin') {
+            if (need && !createProof) { message.warning('请先完成人机验证'); return; }
+            await handleCreate(createProof);
+            setCreateProof('');
+          } else {
+            const ct = getToken();
             if (need && !ct) { message.warning('请完成人机验证'); return; }
             await handleCreate(ct);
             resetWidget();
+          }
         }}
-        onCancel={() => { setCreateModal(false); setNewId(""); setNewName(""); resetWidget(); }} okText="创建" destroyOnClose>
+        onCancel={() => { setCreateModal(false); setNewId(""); setNewName(""); setCreateProof(""); resetWidget(); }} okText="创建" destroyOnClose>
         <Space direction="vertical" style={{ width: "100%" }}>
           <div>
             <label htmlFor="new-scale-id" style={{ display: "block", marginBottom: 4 }}>量表ID</label>
@@ -213,7 +218,11 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
             <label htmlFor="new-scale-name" style={{ display: "block", marginBottom: 4 }}>名称</label>
             <Input id="new-scale-name" value={newName} onChange={e => setNewName(e.target.value)} placeholder="如 我的自评量表" />
           </div>
+          {captchaMode === 'builtin' ? (
+            <BuiltinCaptchaInline proof={createProof} onProofChange={setCreateProof} />
+          ) : (
             <div id="cf-widget-create" style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', minHeight: 50 }} />
+          )}
         </Space>
       </Modal>
 
@@ -227,19 +236,17 @@ const MyScales: React.FC = () => {
         )}
       </Modal>
 
-      <Modal title="人机验证" open={!!captchaState}
+      <CaptchaModal
-        onOk={async () => {
+        open={!!captchaState}
-          const token = getToken();
+        mode={captchaMode}
-          if (!token) { message.warning('请完成验证'); return; }
+        siteKey={siteKey}
+        onOk={async (proof) => {
           const fn = captchaState?.fn;
           setCaptchaState(null);
-          if (fn) await fn(token);
+          if (fn) await fn(proof);
         }}
-        onCancel={() => { setCaptchaState(null); resetWidget(); }}
+        onCancel={() => { setCaptchaState(null); }}
-        okText="确认" width={380} destroyOnClose>
+      />
-        <p style={{ textAlign: 'center', marginBottom: 16 }}>请完成人机验证</p>
-        <div id="cf-widget" style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', minHeight: 65 }} />
-      </Modal>
     </div>
   );
 };

client/src/pages/ScaleList.tsx

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import React, { useState } from 'react';
-import { Card, Row, Col, Input, Segmented, Empty, Typography, Space, Button, Tag, message } from 'antd';
+import { Card, Row, Col, Input, Segmented, Empty, Typography, Space, Button, Tag, message, Modal } from 'antd';
 import {
   ClockCircleOutlined,
   FileTextOutlined,
   SearchOutlined,
   PlayCircleOutlined,
+  ShareAltOutlined,
 } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { useAppStore } from '../store';
 import { scaleApi } from '../api';
+import type { ScaleSummary } from '../types';
 
 const { Text, Paragraph } = Typography;
 
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ const ScaleList: React.FC = () => {
   const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
   const [activeCategory, setActiveCategory] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [startingId, setStartingId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [shareTarget, setShareTarget] = useState<{ url: string; name: string } | null>(null);
 
   const categories = Array.from(new Set(scales.map(s => s.category)));
 
@@ -56,6 +59,20 @@ const ScaleList: React.FC = () => {
     }
   };
 
+  const handleShare = async (scale: ScaleSummary) => {
+    const url = `${window.location.origin}/s/${scale.id}`;
+    try {
+      if (!navigator.clipboard?.writeText) {
+        throw new Error('Clipboard API 不可用');
+      }
+      await navigator.clipboard.writeText(url);
+      message.success('分享链接已复制');
+    } catch {
+      // 降级：无剪贴板权限/非 https 等，弹窗展示链接供手动复制
+      setShareTarget({ url, name: scale.name });
+    }
+  };
+
   return (
     <div>
       <div style={{ marginBottom: 24 }}>
@@ -127,6 +144,7 @@ const ScaleList: React.FC = () => {
                         <ClockCircleOutlined /> {scale.duration}
                       </Text>
                     </div>
+                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 8, marginTop: 8 }}>
                       <Button
                         type="primary"
                         size="small"
@@ -134,10 +152,19 @@ const ScaleList: React.FC = () => {
                         loading={starting}
                         disabled={!!startingId && !starting}
                         onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleStart(scale.id); }}
-                      style={{ marginTop: 8 }}
                       >
                         开始测试
                       </Button>
+                      <Button
+                        size="small"
+                        icon={<ShareAltOutlined />}
+                        aria-label={`分享：${scale.name}`}
+                        onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleShare(scale); }}
+                        onKeyDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                      >
+                        分享
+                      </Button>
+                    </div>
                   </Space>
                 </Card>
               </Col>
@@ -145,6 +172,24 @@ const ScaleList: React.FC = () => {
           })}
         </Row>
       )}
+
+      <Modal
+        title={`分享量表：${shareTarget?.name ?? ''}`}
+        open={!!shareTarget}
+        onCancel={() => setShareTarget(null)}
+        footer={null}
+        width={440}
+        destroyOnHidden
+      >
+        <Paragraph type="secondary" style={{ marginBottom: 12 }}>
+          当前环境无法自动复制，请手动复制以下链接，发送给他人作答：
+        </Paragraph>
+        <Input
+          readOnly
+          value={shareTarget?.url}
+          onFocus={(e) => e.target.select()}
+        />
+      </Modal>
     </div>
   );
 };

client/src/pages/admin/AdminSettings.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { Card, Form, Input, Button, Typography, message, Space, Tag, Spin, Switch, InputNumber, Select } from 'antd';
-import { SaveOutlined, MailOutlined, RobotOutlined, LockOutlined, SendOutlined, SafetyCertificateOutlined, IdcardOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import { SaveOutlined, MailOutlined, RobotOutlined, LockOutlined, SendOutlined, SafetyCertificateOutlined, IdcardOutlined, WarningOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import { adminApi, aiApi } from '../../api';
 
 const { Title, Text } = Typography;
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ const AdminSettings: React.FC = () => {
       for (const k of secretKeys) {
         if (!body[k]) delete body[k];
       }
+      // GET 返回的 *_configured 是派生布尔（仅展示配置态），不是设置项：
+      // 回 POST 会让后端写成陈旧行，且 node:sqlite 布尔绑定会抛错导致保存失败，剔除之。
+      for (const k of ['turnstile_configured', 'smtp_configured', 'ai_configured']) {
+        delete body[k];
+      }
       await adminApi.saveSettings(body);
       setDirty(false);
       message.success('所有设置已保存');
@@ -74,6 +79,8 @@ const AdminSettings: React.FC = () => {
 
   const aiConfigured = settings.ai_configured;
   const smtpConfigured = settings.smtp_configured;
+  // RainID 回调/登出地址均基于 site_url 生成；未填时给出占位提示
+  const siteUrl = settings.site_url?.trim() || '<站点域名>';
 
   return (
     <div>
@@ -333,7 +340,7 @@ const AdminSettings: React.FC = () => {
             <Space>
               <IdcardOutlined style={{ color: '#1e3a5f' }} />
               <span>RainID 认证</span>
-              {settings.rainid_enabled === '1' ? <Tag color="success">已启用</Tag> : <Tag>未启用</Tag>}
+              {settings.rainid_configured ? <Tag color="success">已启用</Tag> : <Tag>未启用</Tag>}
             </Space>
           }
           style={{ borderRadius: 12 }}
@@ -344,22 +351,51 @@ const AdminSettings: React.FC = () => {
           <Text type="secondary" style={{ display: 'block', marginBottom: 16 }}>
             通过 RainID 统一身份认证，支持 ROPC 密码登录（本地表单）与授权码 SSO（使用 RainID 登录）。
           </Text>
+          <div style={{ marginBottom: 16, padding: '12px 16px', background: '#f0f9ff', borderLeft: '3px solid #1e3a5f', borderRadius: 8 }}>
+            <Text strong style={{ fontSize: 13, color: '#1e293b', display: 'block', marginBottom: 6 }}>接入前置（需在 RainID Admin 侧完成）</Text>
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: '#475569', display: 'block', marginBottom: 2 }}>
+              ① 应用回调地址登记为：<Text code>{siteUrl}/api/auth/oidc/callback</Text>
+            </Text>
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: '#475569', display: 'block', marginBottom: 2 }}>
+              ② 登出回跳登记为：<Text code>{siteUrl}/login?oidc_logout=1</Text>（含 query 参数）
+            </Text>
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: '#475569', display: 'block', marginBottom: 2 }}>
+              ③ 应用需勾选「ROPC 密码授权」。
+            </Text>
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: '#475569', display: 'block' }}>
+              ④ 上方「网站域名」需填写正确——回调与登出地址均基于它生成。
+            </Text>
+          </div>
+          {settings.rainid_enabled === '1' && !settings.rainid_configured && (
+            <div style={{ marginBottom: 16, padding: '12px 16px', background: '#fffbeb', borderLeft: '3px solid #b45309', borderRadius: 8, display: 'flex', gap: 8, alignItems: 'flex-start' }}>
+              <WarningOutlined style={{ color: '#b45309', marginTop: 2 }} />
+              <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: '#475569' }}>
+                <Text strong style={{ color: '#92400e' }}>RainID 已开启但配置不完整</Text>
+                （Client Secret 未保存或缺失），登录功能暂不可用——请填写 Client Secret 并保存。
+              </Text>
+            </div>
+          )}
           <Form layout="vertical" style={{ maxWidth: 600 }}>
             <Form.Item label="注册托管" help="开启后注册 Tab 整页跳转 RainID 注册页，不再显示本地注册表单">
               <Switch checked={settings.rainid_register_redirect === '1'} onChange={v => updateSetting('rainid_register_redirect', v ? '1' : '0')} />
             </Form.Item>
-            <Form.Item label="Client ID">
+            <Form.Item label="Client ID" help="RainID Admin 应用登记的 Client ID（非机密）">
               <Input value={settings.rainid_client_id || ''}
                 onChange={e => updateSetting('rainid_client_id', e.target.value)}
                 placeholder="RainID 应用 Client ID（非机密）" />
+              {settings.rainid_client_id && (
+                <div style={{ marginTop: 4 }}>
+                  <Tag color="#15803d" style={{ fontSize: 11 }}>应用已登记</Tag>
+                </div>
+              )}
             </Form.Item>
-            <Form.Item label="Client Secret（机密）" help="保存在服务端且不回读；留空提交则保持原值不变">
+            <Form.Item label="Client Secret（机密）" help="保存在服务端且不回读，首次保存后无法回显；留空提交则保持原值不变，须与 RainID Admin 登记的应用 secret 一致">
               <Input.Password value={settings.rainid_client_secret || ''}
                 onChange={e => updateSetting('rainid_client_secret', e.target.value)}
                 placeholder="••••••••••••"
                 autoComplete="new-password" />
             </Form.Item>
-            <Form.Item label="Discovery URL">
+            <Form.Item label="Discovery URL" help="OIDC Discovery 端点，默认 https://rainid.rainnya.asia/oauth，一般无需修改">
               <Input value={settings.rainid_discovery_url || ''}
                 onChange={e => updateSetting('rainid_discovery_url', e.target.value)}
                 placeholder="https://rainid.rainnya.asia/oauth" />

client/src/pages/admin/ScaleEditor.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import React, { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from "react";
-import { Card, Tabs, Button, Space, message, Modal, Input, Spin, Tag } from "antd";
+import { Card, Tabs, Button, Space, message, Modal, Input, Spin, Tag, Segmented } from "antd";
 import { SaveOutlined, ExportOutlined, ImportOutlined, ArrowLeftOutlined, ExperimentOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
 import { useNavigate, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
 import { adminApi } from "../../api";
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
   const [validation, setValidation] = useState<ValidationResult | null>(null);
   const [validating, setValidating] = useState(false);
   const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState("basic");
+  // P1-3：dirty 跟踪（切换确认 + beforeunload）
+  const [dirty, setDirty] = useState(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (editId) {
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
         .getRawScale(editId)
         .then((data) => {
           setScale(data);
+          setDirty(false);
           return adminApi.validateScale(data);
         })
         .then((vr) => setValidation(vr))
@@ -83,10 +86,12 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
 
   const updateScale = useCallback((updates: Partial<Scale>) => {
     setScale((prev) => ({ ...prev, ...updates }));
+    setDirty(true);
   }, []);
 
   const updateMeta = useCallback((metaUpdates: Partial<Scale["meta"]>) => {
     setScale((prev) => ({ ...prev, meta: { ...prev.meta, ...metaUpdates } }));
+    setDirty(true);
   }, []);
 
   const handleSave = async () => {
@@ -110,6 +115,7 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
     try {
       const res = await adminApi.saveScale(scale.meta.id, scale);
       if (res.data?.validation) setValidation(res.data.validation);
+      setDirty(false);
       message.success("保存成功");
       loadScales();
       if (!editId) navigate(`/admin/scale-editor?id=${scale.meta.id}`);
@@ -143,6 +149,7 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
         return;
       }
       setScale(parsed);
+      setDirty(true);
       setImportVisible(false);
       setImportText("");
       message.success("导入成功");
@@ -177,6 +184,33 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
 
   const hasError = validation && !validation.valid;
 
+  // P1-3：切 v2 前若有脏修改 → 确认（防静默丢弃）
+  const handleSwitchVersion = () => {
+    const go = () => navigate(`/admin/scale-editor-v2?id=${editId || scale.meta.id || ""}`);
+    if (dirty) {
+      Modal.confirm({
+        title: "有未保存修改",
+        content: "切换编辑器将丢失未保存的修改，确定继续？",
+        okText: "继续切换",
+        cancelText: "取消",
+        onOk: go,
+      });
+    } else {
+      go();
+    }
+  };
+
+  // P1-3：dirty 时挂 beforeunload（关闭/刷新标签页提示）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!dirty) return;
+    const handler = (e: BeforeUnloadEvent) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      e.returnValue = "";
+    };
+    window.addEventListener("beforeunload", handler);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener("beforeunload", handler);
+  }, [dirty]);
+
   if (loading) return <Spin size="large" style={{ display: "block", margin: "100px auto" }} />;
 
   return (
@@ -188,6 +222,13 @@ const ScaleEditor: React.FC = () => {
           {editId && <Tag color="blue">{scale.meta.id}</Tag>}
           {scale.$schema && <Tag color="green">{scale.$schema}</Tag>}
           <span style={{ color: "#94a3b8", fontSize: 13 }}>{scale.questions.length} 题</span>
+          <Segmented
+            value="v1"
+            options={[{ label: "v1 编辑器", value: "v1" }, { label: "v2 编辑器", value: "v2" }]}
+            onChange={(v) => {
+              if (v === "v2") handleSwitchVersion();
+            }}
+          />
         </Space>
         <Space>
           {validation && (

client/src/pages/admin/ScaleEditorV2.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
+import React, { useState, useEffect, useCallback, useMemo, useRef } from "react";
+import { Button, Space, message, Input, Spin, Tag, Segmented, Alert, Typography, Modal } from "antd";
+import {
+  SaveOutlined, PlusOutlined, SearchOutlined, ArrowLeftOutlined,
+  UndoOutlined, RedoOutlined, ExperimentOutlined, LoadingOutlined, CheckCircleOutlined,
+} from "@ant-design/icons";
+import { useNavigate, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { useAppStore } from "../../store";
+import { adminApi } from "../../api";
+import type { Scale, ValidationResult, ValidationIssue, Question, FactorDef } from "../../types";
+import ValidationBar from "../../components/ValidationBar";
+import QuestionList from "../../components/QuestionList";
+import QuestionCheckView from "../../components/QuestionCheckView";
+import { useScaleHistory } from "../../components/useScaleHistory";
+
+const defaultScale: Scale = {
+  $schema: "psytest-v2",
+  meta: {
+    id: "", name: "", nameEn: "", version: "1.0",
+    author: "", year: new Date().getFullYear(), category: "",
+    description: "", timeRange: "", duration: "",
+  },
+  settings: { shuffle: false, required: true, showProgress: true, allowBack: true, allowSkip: false, dataCollection: "none", dataFields: ["gender", "age"], dataPrompt: "", requireDemographics: false },
+  responseOptions: {
+    type: "likert",
+    options: [
+      { value: 0, label: "完全没有" },
+      { value: 1, label: "几天" },
+      { value: 2, label: "一半以上天数" },
+      { value: 3, label: "几乎每天" },
+    ],
+  },
+  questions: [],
+  scoring: { method: "sum", ranges: [] },
+  interpretation: { rules: [] },
+};
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+/** 在 factors 的 items 中找到包含该题目 id 的因子（MMPI 模型） */
+function findFactorByItemId(factors: Record<string, FactorDef> | undefined, id: number): string | undefined {
+  for (const [f, def] of Object.entries(factors || {})) {
+    if (def.items?.includes(id)) return f;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * P1-1：改因子时同步迁移 scoring.factors[].items。
+ * 目标因子在 scoring.factors 中定义 → 从旧因子 items 移除并追加到新因子 items；
+ * 旧归属来自 items（q.factor 为空）同样移除；目标/来源为自由 factor 标记则只写 q.factor。
+ */
+function applyFactorChange(prev: Scale, questionId: number, oldFactor: string | undefined, newFactor: string | undefined): Scale {
+  const factors = prev.scoring?.factors;
+  if (!factors) return prev;
+
+  const nextFactors: Record<string, FactorDef> = {};
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(factors)) {
+    nextFactors[k] = v.items ? { ...v, items: [...v.items] } : { ...v };
+  }
+  if (oldFactor && nextFactors[oldFactor]) {
+    nextFactors[oldFactor] = {
+      ...nextFactors[oldFactor],
+      items: (nextFactors[oldFactor].items || []).filter((id) => id !== questionId),
+    };
+  }
+  if (newFactor && nextFactors[newFactor]) {
+    const items = nextFactors[newFactor].items || [];
+    if (!items.includes(questionId)) items.push(questionId);
+    nextFactors[newFactor] = { ...nextFactors[newFactor], items };
+  }
+  return { ...prev, scoring: { ...prev.scoring, factors: nextFactors } };
+}
+
+/** v2 可视化量表编辑器（卡片流 + 虚拟列表 + 拖拽 + 分组 + 批量 + 撤销 + 核对视图 + 草稿） */
+const ScaleEditorV2: React.FC = () => {
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
+  const editId = searchParams.get("id");
+  const { setPreviewScale } = useAppStore();
+
+  const { scale, commit, replace, undo, redo, canUndo, canRedo } = useScaleHistory(defaultScale);
+
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const [validation, setValidation] = useState<ValidationResult | null>(null);
+  const [validating, setValidating] = useState(false);
+  const [dirty, setDirty] = useState(false);
+  const [savedAt, setSavedAt] = useState<number | null>(null);
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
+  const [view, setView] = useState<"card" | "check">("card");
+  const [scrollTarget, setScrollTarget] = useState<{ id: number; nonce: number }>({ id: -1, nonce: 0 });
+  const [draftPrompt, setDraftPrompt] = useState<{ updatedAt: number; scale: Scale } | null>(null);
+
+  const draftKey = scale.meta.id ? `scale-draft-${scale.meta.id}` : null;
+  // P1-3：保存时对比「加载时的服务端版本」与「当前服务端版本」，检测双开覆盖
+  const loadedJsonRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+
+  // 加载（与 v1 ScaleEditor 同模式；完成后检查本地草稿，避免与异步加载竞态）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!editId) return;
+    setLoading(true);
+    adminApi
+      .getRawScale(editId)
+      .then((data) => {
+        loadedJsonRef.current = JSON.stringify(data);
+        replace(data);
+        return adminApi.validateScale(data);
+      })
+      .then((vr) => setValidation(vr))
+      .catch(() => {
+        message.error("加载量表失败");
+        navigate("/admin/scales");
+      })
+      .finally(() => {
+        setLoading(false);
+        try {
+          const raw = localStorage.getItem(`scale-draft-${editId}`);
+          if (raw) {
+            const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+            if (parsed?.scale && parsed?.updatedAt) setDraftPrompt(parsed);
+          }
+        } catch { /* 草稿损坏则忽略 */ }
+      });
+  }, [editId, replace, navigate]);
+
+  // 800ms 防抖校验（与 v1 同模式）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (scale.meta.id) {
+      setValidating(true);
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        adminApi.validateScale(scale).then(setValidation).finally(() => setValidating(false));
+      }, 800);
+      return () => clearTimeout(timer);
+    } else {
+      setValidation(null);
+    }
+  }, [scale]);
+
+  // 本地草稿：每 5s 写入（仅 dirty 且有 id 时）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!dirty || !draftKey) return;
+    const timer = setInterval(() => {
+      try {
+        localStorage.setItem(draftKey, JSON.stringify({ updatedAt: Date.now(), scale }));
+      } catch { /* 存储满等异常忽略 */ }
+    }, 5000);
+    return () => clearInterval(timer);
+  }, [dirty, draftKey, scale]);
+
+  const updateScale = useCallback((updates: Partial<Scale>) => {
+    commit((prev) => ({ ...prev, ...updates }));
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const questions = scale.questions;
+  const maxId = questions.length > 0 ? Math.max(...questions.map((q) => q.id)) : 0;
+
+  const allFactors = useMemo(() => Array.from(new Set([
+    ...Object.keys(scale.scoring?.factors || {}),
+    ...questions.map((q) => q.factor).filter((f): f is string => !!f),
+  ])), [scale.scoring?.factors, questions]);
+
+  const weightMode = !!(scale.scoring?.weightedItems && scale.scoring.weightedItems.length > 0) ||
+    Object.values(scale.scoring?.factors || {}).some((f) => f.scoring?.weighted);
+
+  const hasError = validation && !validation.valid;
+
+  // P1-1：q.factor 指向已定义因子但题目 id 不在其 items 中的数量（MMPI 天然多因子归属，只查主归属错位）
+  const factorInconsistencyCount = useMemo(() => {
+    const factors = scale.scoring?.factors;
+    if (!factors) return 0;
+    let n = 0;
+    for (const q of scale.questions) {
+      if (!q.factor) continue;
+      // 仅当 q.factor 是已定义因子、但 items 不含该题 id 时视为不一致（UI 分组与计分错位）
+      if (q.factor in factors && !(factors[q.factor].items?.includes(q.id))) n++;
+    }
+    return n;
+  }, [scale]);
+
+  // ===== 题目操作（绝不改动已有题目 ID；新题 ID = maxId + 1） =====
+  const handleAddQuestion = () => {
+    const newId = maxId + 1;
+    updateScale({ questions: [...questions, { id: newId, text: "新题目" }] });
+    setSearch("");
+    setScrollTarget({ id: newId, nonce: Date.now() });
+  };
+
+  const handleCommitQuestion = useCallback((index: number, patch: Partial<Question>) => {
+    // 题干防抖提交合并：连续 500ms 内的纯 text 提交只记一次快照
+    const merge = Object.keys(patch).length === 1 && "text" in patch;
+    commit((prev) => {
+      const copy = [...prev.questions];
+      if (index < 0 || index >= copy.length) return prev;
+      const q = copy[index];
+      const nextQ = { ...q, ...patch };
+      copy[index] = nextQ;
+      let next: Scale = { ...prev, questions: copy };
+      // P1-1：因子变更同步迁移 scoring.factors[].items
+      if ("factor" in patch && prev.scoring?.factors) {
+        const oldFactor = q.factor ?? findFactorByItemId(prev.scoring.factors, q.id);
+        next = applyFactorChange(next, q.id, oldFactor, nextQ.factor);
+      }
+      return next;
+    }, { merge });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleDeleteQuestion = useCallback((index: number) => {
+    commit((prev) => ({
+      ...prev,
+      questions: prev.questions.filter((_, i) => i !== index),
+    }));
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleDuplicateQuestion = useCallback((index: number) => {
+    commit((prev) => {
+      const src = prev.questions[index];
+      if (!src) return prev;
+      const copyId = prev.questions.length > 0 ? Math.max(...prev.questions.map((q) => q.id)) + 1 : 1;
+      const copy = { ...src, id: copyId, text: src.text ? `${src.text}（副本）` : "新题目（副本）" };
+      const next = [...prev.questions];
+      next.splice(index + 1, 0, copy);
+      return { ...prev, questions: next };
+    });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleMoveQuestion = useCallback((index: number, dir: -1 | 1) => {
+    commit((prev) => {
+      const next = [...prev.questions];
+      const newIndex = index + dir;
+      if (newIndex < 0 || newIndex >= next.length) return prev;
+      [next[index], next[newIndex]] = [next[newIndex], next[index]];
+      return { ...prev, questions: next };
+    });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleReorder = useCallback((oldIndex: number, newIndex: number) => {
+    if (oldIndex === newIndex) return;
+    commit((prev) => {
+      const next = [...prev.questions];
+      const [moved] = next.splice(oldIndex, 1);
+      next.splice(newIndex, 0, moved);
+      return { ...prev, questions: next };
+    });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  // 跨组拖拽：重排 + 修改被拖题的 factor（同步迁移 items）
+  const handleDropIntoGroup = useCallback((movedIndex: number, targetGroup: string, targetQuestionIndex?: number) => {
+    commit((prev) => {
+      const next = [...prev.questions];
+      if (movedIndex < 0 || movedIndex >= next.length) return prev;
+      const [moved] = next.splice(movedIndex, 1);
+      const newFactor = targetGroup === "未分组" ? undefined : targetGroup;
+      let insertAt: number;
+      if (targetQuestionIndex === undefined) {
+        // 落到组头：置于该组第一题之前；组空则末尾
+        const firstIdx = next.findIndex((q) => (q.factor || findFactorByItemId(prev.scoring?.factors, q.id) || "未分组") === targetGroup);
+        insertAt = firstIdx === -1 ? next.length : firstIdx;
+      } else {
+        insertAt = Math.max(0, targetQuestionIndex > movedIndex ? targetQuestionIndex - 1 : targetQuestionIndex);
+      }
+      next.splice(insertAt, 0, { ...moved, factor: newFactor });
+      let result: Scale = { ...prev, questions: next };
+      if (prev.scoring?.factors) {
+        const oldFactor = moved.factor ?? findFactorByItemId(prev.scoring.factors, moved.id);
+        result = applyFactorChange(result, moved.id, oldFactor, newFactor);
+      }
+      return result;
+    });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  // ===== 批量操作 =====
+  const handleBatchSetFactor = useCallback((ids: number[], factor?: string) => {
+    commit((prev) => {
+      let nextScoring: Scale = prev;
+      const questions = prev.questions.map((q) => {
+        if (!ids.includes(q.id)) return q;
+        // P1-1：批量设因子同步迁移 items
+        if (prev.scoring?.factors) {
+          const oldFactor = q.factor ?? findFactorByItemId(prev.scoring.factors, q.id);
+          nextScoring = applyFactorChange(nextScoring, q.id, oldFactor, factor);
+        }
+        return { ...q, factor };
+      });
+      return { ...nextScoring, questions };
+    });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleBatchSetReverse = useCallback((ids: number[], reverse: boolean) => {
+    commit((prev) => ({
+      ...prev,
+      questions: prev.questions.map((q) => (ids.includes(q.id) ? { ...q, reverse } : q)),
+    }));
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleBatchDelete = useCallback((ids: number[]) => {
+    commit((prev) => ({
+      ...prev,
+      questions: prev.questions.filter((q) => !ids.includes(q.id)),
+    }));
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  const handleBatchDuplicate = useCallback((ids: number[]) => {
+    commit((prev) => {
+      const maxIdNow = prev.questions.length > 0 ? Math.max(...prev.questions.map((q) => q.id)) : 0;
+      let nextId = maxIdNow + 1;
+      const copies: Question[] = [];
+      for (const q of prev.questions) {
+        if (ids.includes(q.id)) {
+          copies.push({ ...q, id: nextId++, text: q.text ? `${q.text}（副本）` : "新题目（副本）" });
+        }
+      }
+      return { ...prev, questions: [...prev.questions, ...copies] };
+    });
+    setDirty(true);
+  }, [commit]);
+
+  // ===== 保存 / 预览 =====
+  const handleSave = async () => {
+    if (!scale.meta.id) { message.error("请先填写量表ID（在 v1 编辑器的基本信息中设置）"); return; }
+    if (!scale.meta.name) { message.error("请填写量表名称"); return; }
+    if (scale.questions.length === 0) { message.error("请添加至少一道题目"); return; }
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      // P1-3：保存前版本冲突检测——对比加载时的服务端版本与当前服务端版本
+      if (editId && loadedJsonRef.current !== null) {
+        const fresh = await adminApi.getRawScale(editId);
+        const freshJson = JSON.stringify(fresh);
+        if (freshJson !== loadedJsonRef.current) {
+          message.error("量表已在其他窗口被修改，请刷新后重试");
+          setSaving(false);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      const res = await adminApi.saveScale(scale.meta.id, scale);
+      if (res.data?.validation) setValidation(res.data.validation);
+      setDirty(false);
+      setSavedAt(Date.now());
+      loadedJsonRef.current = JSON.stringify(scale);
+      if (draftKey) localStorage.removeItem(draftKey);
+      message.success("保存成功");
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      const errData = e.response?.data;
+      if (errData?.error?.validation) {
+        setValidation(errData.error.validation);
+        message.error("保存失败：量表结构校验未通过");
+      } else {
+        message.error(errData?.error?.message || "保存失败");
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handlePreview = async () => {
+    try {
+      const vr = await adminApi.validateScale(scale);
+      if (!vr.valid) message.warning("量表存在校验错误，预览可能不完整");
+    } catch { /* 校验失败不阻塞预览 */ }
+    setPreviewScale(scale);
+    navigate("/admin/scale-editor/preview");
+  };
+
+  const handleRestoreDraft = () => {
+    if (draftPrompt) {
+      replace(draftPrompt.scale);
+      setDirty(true);
+      setDraftPrompt(null);
+      message.success("已恢复草稿");
+    }
+  };
+  const handleDiscardDraft = () => {
+    if (draftKey) localStorage.removeItem(draftKey);
+    setDraftPrompt(null);
+  };
+
+  const handleIssueClick = (issue: ValidationIssue) => {
+    if (issue.field && issue.field.startsWith("questions.")) {
+      const idx = parseInt(issue.field.split(".")[1], 10);
+      const q = questions[idx];
+      if (q) setScrollTarget({ id: q.id, nonce: Date.now() });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleJumpToCard = (id: number) => {
+    setSearch(`#${id}`);
+    setView("card");
+    setScrollTarget({ id, nonce: Date.now() });
+  };
+
+  // P1-3：切 v1 前若有脏修改 → 确认（防静默丢弃）
+  const handleSwitchVersion = (target: "v1" | "v2") => {
+    const go = () => navigate(`/admin/scale-editor${target === "v2" ? "-v2" : ""}?id=${editId || scale.meta.id || ""}`);
+    if (dirty) {
+      Modal.confirm({
+        title: "有未保存修改",
+        content: "切换编辑器将丢失未保存的修改，确定继续？",
+        okText: "继续切换",
+        cancelText: "取消",
+        onOk: go,
+      });
+    } else {
+      go();
+    }
+  };
+
+  // P1-3：dirty 时挂 beforeunload（关闭/刷新标签页提示）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!dirty) return;
+    const handler = (e: BeforeUnloadEvent) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      e.returnValue = "";
+    };
+    window.addEventListener("beforeunload", handler);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener("beforeunload", handler);
+  }, [dirty]);
+
+  if (loading) return <Spin size="large" style={{ display: "block", margin: "100px auto" }} />;
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* 顶部工具栏 */}
+      <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between", alignItems: "center", marginBottom: 12, flexWrap: "wrap", gap: 8 }}>
+        <Space wrap>
+          <Button icon={<ArrowLeftOutlined />} onClick={() => navigate("/admin/scales")}>返回</Button>
+          <h2 style={{ margin: 0, fontSize: 18 }}>v2 可视化编辑器</h2>
+          {editId && <Tag color="blue">{scale.meta.id}</Tag>}
+          <span style={{ color: "#64748b", fontSize: 13 }}>{scale.questions.length} 题</span>
+          {validation && (
+            <Tag
+              color={hasError ? "red" : (validation.warnings.length > 0 ? "orange" : "success")}
+              style={{ fontSize: 12 }}
+            >
+              {hasError ? `错误 ${validation.errors.length}` : (validation.warnings.length > 0 ? `警告 ${validation.warnings.length}` : "通过")}
+            </Tag>
+          )}
+          {validating && <Spin size="small" />}
+          <Segmented
+            value="v2"
+            options={[{ label: "v1 编辑器", value: "v1" }, { label: "v2 编辑器", value: "v2" }]}
+            onChange={(v) => {
+              if (v === "v1") handleSwitchVersion("v1");
+            }}
+          />
+          <Segmented
+            value={view}
+            options={[{ label: "卡片视图", value: "card" }, { label: "核对视图", value: "check" }]}
+            onChange={(v) => setView(v as "card" | "check")}
+          />
+        </Space>
+        <Space wrap>
+          <Button icon={<UndoOutlined />} onClick={undo} disabled={!canUndo}>撤销</Button>
+          <Button icon={<RedoOutlined />} onClick={redo} disabled={!canRedo}>重做</Button>
+          <Input
+            prefix={<SearchOutlined />}
+            placeholder="搜索题干 / #题号"
+            value={search}
+            onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+            allowClear
+            style={{ width: 200, borderRadius: 8 }}
+          />
+          <Button icon={<ExperimentOutlined />} onClick={handlePreview} disabled={scale.questions.length === 0}>预览</Button>
+          <Button type="primary" icon={<PlusOutlined />} onClick={handleAddQuestion}
+            style={{ background: "#1e3a5f", border: "none" }}>添加题目</Button>
+          <Button
+            type="primary"
+            icon={<SaveOutlined />}
+            onClick={handleSave}
+            loading={saving}
+            disabled={!dirty || (hasError ?? false)}
+            style={{ background: hasError ? undefined : "#1e3a5f", border: "none" }}
+          >
+            保存
+          </Button>
+          {saving ? (
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: "#1e3a5f" }}><LoadingOutlined /> 保存中…</Text>
+          ) : dirty ? (
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: "#b45309" }}>已修改 ●</Text>
+          ) : savedAt ? (
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, color: "#15803d" }}><CheckCircleOutlined /> 已保存</Text>
+          ) : null}
+        </Space>
+      </div>
+
+      {draftPrompt && (
+        <Alert
+          type="warning"
+          showIcon
+          style={{ marginBottom: 12, borderRadius: 8 }}
+          message="检测到未保存草稿"
+          description={'该量表存在本地未保存的编辑草稿（上次编辑于 ' + new Date(draftPrompt.updatedAt).toLocaleString() + '）。'}
+          action={
+            <Space>
+              <Button size="small" type="primary" onClick={handleRestoreDraft}>恢复草稿</Button>
+              <Button size="small" onClick={handleDiscardDraft}>丢弃</Button>
+            </Space>
+          }
+        />
+      )}
+
+      <ValidationBar result={validation} onIssueClick={handleIssueClick} />
+
+      {factorInconsistencyCount > 0 && (
+        <Alert
+          type="warning"
+          showIcon
+          style={{ marginBottom: 12, borderRadius: 8 }}
+          message={`${factorInconsistencyCount} 题的因子标记与计分因子表不一致`}
+          description="部分题目的 q.factor 与 scoring.factors[].items 归属不一致，保存后评分引擎仍按 items 计算。建议核对因子归属（不阻断保存）。"
+        />
+      )}
+
+      {view === "card" ? (
+        <QuestionList
+          questions={scale.questions}
+          search={search}
+          allFactors={allFactors}
+          scoringFactors={scale.scoring?.factors}
+          defaultOptions={scale.responseOptions.options}
+          weightMode={weightMode}
+          scrollToId={scrollTarget.id}
+          scrollNonce={scrollTarget.nonce}
+          onCommitQuestion={handleCommitQuestion}
+          onDeleteQuestion={handleDeleteQuestion}
+          onDuplicateQuestion={handleDuplicateQuestion}
+          onMoveQuestion={handleMoveQuestion}
+          onReorder={handleReorder}
+          onDropIntoGroup={handleDropIntoGroup}
+          onBatchSetFactor={handleBatchSetFactor}
+          onBatchSetReverse={handleBatchSetReverse}
+          onBatchDelete={handleBatchDelete}
+          onBatchDuplicate={handleBatchDuplicate}
+        />
+      ) : (
+        <QuestionCheckView
+          questions={scale.questions}
+          allFactors={allFactors}
+          weightMode={weightMode}
+          onCommitQuestion={handleCommitQuestion}
+          onJumpToCard={handleJumpToCard}
+        />
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default ScaleEditorV2;

client/src/pages/admin/ScaleManagement.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import React, { useState } from "react";
 import { Table, Card, Tag, Input, Button, Space, Typography, message, Popconfirm, Modal } from "antd";
-import { ReloadOutlined, SearchOutlined, PlusOutlined, EditOutlined, DeleteOutlined, CopyOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
+import { ReloadOutlined, SearchOutlined, PlusOutlined, EditOutlined, DeleteOutlined, CopyOutlined, ExperimentOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
 import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
 import { useAppStore } from "../../store";
 import { adminApi } from "../../api";
@@ -61,10 +61,12 @@ const ScaleManagement: React.FC = () => {
     { title: "题数", dataIndex: "questionCount", width: 60, render: (n: number) => <strong>{n}</strong> },
     { title: "时长", dataIndex: "duration", width: 100 },
     {
-      title: "操作", width: 200,
+      title: "操作", width: 300,
       render: (_: any, record: any) => (
         <Space>
           <Button type="link" size="small" icon={<EditOutlined />} onClick={() => navigate(`/admin/scale-editor?id=${record.id}`)}>编辑</Button>
+          <Button type="primary" size="small" icon={<ExperimentOutlined />} onClick={() => navigate(`/admin/scale-editor-v2?id=${record.id}`)}
+            style={{ background: "#1e3a5f" }}>v2编辑器</Button>
           <Button type="link" size="small" icon={<CopyOutlined />} onClick={() => {
             setCloneModal({ visible: true, sourceId: record.id });
             setNewCloneId(`${record.id}-copy`);

client/src/pages/admin/scale-editor/QuestionsResponseTab.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import React, { useState } from 'react';
 import { Button, Input, InputNumber, Table, Space, Modal, message, Select, Form, Typography, Card } from 'antd';
 import { PlusOutlined, DeleteOutlined, ImportOutlined, ArrowUpOutlined, ArrowDownOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
-import type { Scale, Question, ResponseOption } from '../../../types';
+import type { Scale, Question, ResponseOption, QuestionOption } from '../../../types';
 
 const { Text } = Typography;
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ const QuestionsResponseTab: React.FC<Props> = ({ scale, updateScale }) => {
   const [importVisible, setImportVisible] = useState(false);
   const [importText, setImportText] = useState('');
   const [editIdx, setEditIdx] = useState<number | null>(null);
-  const [optionsModal, setOptionsModal] = useState<{ idx: number; options: { value: string; label: string; score?: number }[] } | null>(null);
+  const [optionsModal, setOptionsModal] = useState<{ idx: number; options: QuestionOption[] } | null>(null);
 
   const opts = scale.responseOptions;
   const questions = scale.questions;

client/src/types/index.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ export interface ResponseOptions {
   options: ResponseOption[];
 }
 
+/** 题目专属选项（value 兼容 mbti 的字符串 "A"/"B" 与数字分制） */
+export interface QuestionOption {
+  value: string | number;
+  label: string;
+  score?: number;
+}
+
 export interface Question {
   id: number;
   text: string;
@@ -20,7 +27,14 @@ export interface Question {
   reverse?: boolean;
   factor?: string;
   weight?: number;
-  options?: { value: string; label: string; score?: number }[];
+  // 后端实际读取的字段（eq/epq 量表等）：作答值→计分值映射、是/否计分方向、不计分题、分量表标记
+  scoreMap?: number[];
+  keyed?: '是' | '否';
+  filler?: boolean;
+  part?: string;
+  subscale?: string;
+  dimension?: string;
+  options?: QuestionOption[];
   responseOptions?: ResponseOptions;
 }
 

client/vite.config.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   server: {
     port: 5173,
     proxy: {
-      '/api': 'http://localhost:3001',
+      '/api': 'http://localhost:3501',
     },
   },
   build: {
@@ -49,22 +49,11 @@ export default defineConfig({
             },
             {
               name: 'vendor-antd',
-              test: /node_modules[\\/]antd[\\/]/,
+              // antd 生态（antd + @ant-design/cssinjs + rc-* + emotion + stylis）必须同一 chunk：
+              // antd 内部存在跨包循环依赖（antd↔cssinjs↔rc-*），拆分会导致运行时导出 undefined
+              // （线上事故：ESC 解构 undefined 白屏）。icons 无内部循环可独立（见 vendor-icons，priority 更高）。
+              test: /node_modules[\\/](antd|@ant-design|@rc-component|rc-|@emotion|stylis)[\\/]/,
               priority: 50,
-              maxSize: 450 * 1024,
-            },
-            {
-              // antd 依赖的组件原语（@rc-component/*、rc-*）
-              name: 'vendor-rc',
-              test: /node_modules[\\/](@rc-component|rc-)/,
-              priority: 40,
-              maxSize: 450 * 1024,
-            },
-            {
-              // @ant-design/cssinjs、@emotion、stylis 等样式运行时
-              name: 'vendor-antd-style',
-              test: /node_modules[\\/](@ant-design|@emotion|stylis)[\\/]/,
-              priority: 30,
             },
           ],
         },

package-lock.json

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
     "": {
       "name": "psytest-engine",
       "version": "1.0.0",
+      "hasInstallScript": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "bcryptjs": "^3.0.3",
         "cors": "^2.8.5",
+        "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
         "express": "^4.18.2",
         "express-async-errors": "^3.1.1",
         "express-rate-limit": "^8.6.2",
@@ -20,6 +22,9 @@
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "xlsx": "^0.18.5"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=23.4"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/accepts": {
@@ -246,6 +251,18 @@
         "npm": "1.2.8000 || >= 1.4.16"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/dotenv": {
+      "version": "17.4.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dotenv/-/dotenv-17.4.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nI4U3TottKAcAD9LLud4Cb7b2QztQMUEfHbvhTH09bqXTxnSie8WnjPALV/WMCrJZ6UV/qHJ6L03OqO3LcdYZw==",
+      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://dotenvx.com"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/dunder-proto": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dunder-proto/-/dunder-proto-1.0.1.tgz",

package.json

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@
   "scripts": {
     "start": "node server/index.js",
     "dev": "node server/index.js",
-    "smoke:rainid": "node scripts/rainid-smoke.js"
+    "smoke:rainid": "node scripts/rainid-smoke.js",
+    "postinstall": "cd client && npm install && npm run build"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "bcryptjs": "^3.0.3",
     "cors": "^2.8.5",
+    "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
     "express": "^4.18.2",
     "express-async-errors": "^3.1.1",
     "express-rate-limit": "^8.6.2",

scales/.index.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "version": 1,
-  "updatedAt": "2026-08-11T15:58:39.325Z",
+  "updatedAt": "2026-08-12T09:26:38.944Z",
   "scales": {
     "gad7": {
       "name": "GAD-7 广泛性焦虑量表",
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
       "name": "MMPI 明尼苏达多项人格测验",
       "file": "mmpi.psytest",
       "hash": "cfa6ed750a3a",
-      "updatedAt": "2026-08-11T15:42:27.205Z"
+      "updatedAt": "2026-08-12T08:38:51.050Z"
     },
     "phq9": {
       "name": "PHQ-9 患者健康问卷-9",

scripts/do-submit.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ function req(method, path, body, token) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
     if (token) headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token;
-    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001, path, method, headers }, res => {
+    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501, path, method, headers }, res => {
       let data = '';
       res.on('data', c => data += c);
       res.on('end', () => {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ async function main() {
     }
   }
   console.log('');
-  console.log('3. 打开 http://localhost:3001 查看完整结果页面!');
+  console.log('3. 打开 http://localhost:3501 查看完整结果页面!');
 }
 
 main().catch(e => console.error('错误:', e.message));

scripts/full-test.js

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ async function main() {
   }
   
   console.log('\n=== Now start the server with: node server/index.js ===');
-  console.log('Then open http://localhost:3001 to see the beautiful UI');
+  console.log('Then open http://localhost:3501 to see the beautiful UI');
 }
 
 main().catch(e => console.error('ERROR:', e.message, e.stack));

scripts/start-and-test-mmpi.js

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ server.stderr.on('data', d => process.stderr.write('[srv-err] ' + d));
 
 setTimeout(async () => {
   const http = require('http');
-  const BASE = { hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001 };
+  const BASE = { hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501 };
 
   function req(method, p, body, token) {
     return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ setTimeout(async () => {
     }
     console.log('');
     console.log('=== DONE ===');
-    console.log('Open http://localhost:3001 to see the result!');
+    console.log('Open http://localhost:3501 to see the result!');
   } catch (e) {
     console.error('ERROR:', e.message);
   }

scripts/submit-test.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ function req(method, path, body, token) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
     if (token) headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token;
-    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001, path, method, headers }, res => {
+    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501, path, method, headers }, res => {
       let data = '';
       res.on('data', c => data += c);
       res.on('end', () => {
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ async function main() {
   console.log('Interpretations:', data.interpretation.length);
   console.log('Profiles:', data.scores.matchedProfiles?.length || 0);
   console.log('Answers in response:', Object.keys(data.answers || {}).length);
-  console.log('\nOpen http://localhost:3001 in your browser!');
+  console.log('\nOpen http://localhost:3501 in your browser!');
 }
 
 main().catch(e => {
   console.error('FATAL:', e.message);
-  console.log('\nMake sure the server is running on port 3001 first!');
+  console.log('\nMake sure the server is running on port 3501 first!');
   process.exit(1);
 });

scripts/test-and-serve.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Import and start server directly in-process
-process.env.PORT = '3001';
+process.env.PORT = '3501';
 const app = require('../server/index');
 const http = require('http');
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ function req(method, path, body, token) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
     if (token) headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token;
-    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001, path, method, headers }, res => {
+    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501, path, method, headers }, res => {
       let data = '';
       res.on('data', c => data += c);
       res.on('end', () => {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ async function main() {
     console.log('Total:', d.scores.total, '| Level:', d.scores.level);
     console.log('L=' + d.scores.factors.l.tScore + ' F=' + d.scores.factors.f.tScore + ' K=' + d.scores.factors.k.tScore);
     console.log('Rules:', d.interpretation.length, '| Profiles:', d.scores.matchedProfiles?.length || 0);
-    console.log('\n=== Server running at http://localhost:3001 ===');
+    console.log('\n=== Server running at http://localhost:3501 ===');
   } else {
     console.log('Error:', JSON.stringify(submit.error));
   }

scripts/test-api.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 const http = require('http');
-const BASE = { hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001 };
+const BASE = { hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501 };
 
 function request(method, path, body, token) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

scripts/test-integrated.js

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ setTimeout(async () => {
   }
 
   const http = require('http');
-  const BASE = { hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001 };
+  const BASE = { hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501 };
 
   function req(method, p, body, token) {
     return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

scripts/test-mmpi-direct.js

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function req(method, p, body, token) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const h = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
     if (token) h['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token;
-    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001, path: p, method, headers: h }, res => {
+    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501, path: p, method, headers: h }, res => {
       let d = '';
       res.on('data', c => d += c);
       res.on('end', () => {
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ setTimeout(async () => {
     console.log('    Interpretations:', data.interpretation.length);
     console.log('    Profiles:', data.scores.matchedProfiles?.length || 0);
     console.log('    Answers returned:', Object.keys(data.answers || {}).length);
-    console.log('\n=== Server running on http://localhost:3001 ===');
+    console.log('\n=== Server running on http://localhost:3501 ===');
-    console.log('Open http://localhost:3001/admin/scales to start');
+    console.log('Open http://localhost:3501/admin/scales to start');
-    console.log('Or open http://localhost:3001/ to take tests');
+    console.log('Or open http://localhost:3501/ to take tests');
   } catch (e) {
     console.error('\nERROR:', e.message);
     server.kill();

scripts/test-mmpi-full.js

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ function req(method, p, body, token) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const h = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
     if (token) h['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token;
-    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3001, path: p, method, headers: h }, res => {
+    const r = http.request({ hostname: 'localhost', port: 3501, path: p, method, headers: h }, res => {
       let d = '';
       res.on('data', c => d += c);
       res.on('end', () => {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ setTimeout(async () => {
     console.log('   Interpretations:', data.interpretation.length);
     console.log('   Profiles matched:', data.scores.matchedProfiles?.length || 0);
     console.log('   Answers in response:', Object.keys(data.answers || {}).length);
-    console.log('\n3. Server running at http://localhost:3001');
+    console.log('\n3. Server running at http://localhost:3501');
     console.log('   Open the browser to see the beautiful result page!');
     
     // Keep running for 5 more minutes

server/config.js

@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
 const path = require('path');
-const crypto = require('crypto');
+require('dotenv').config();
-
-// 密钥默认值不再硬编码：env 缺失时生成随机值并警告（重启后会话/校验失效）
-function resolveSecret(envKey) {
-  if (process.env[envKey]) return process.env[envKey];
-  const secret = crypto.randomBytes(32).toString('hex');
-  console.warn(`[Config] 未配置 ${envKey}，已生成随机密钥，重启后所有会话失效；生产请显式设置`);
-  return secret;
-}
 
+// JWT_SECRET / VERIFY_SALT 不再从 config 导出：统一走 server/lib/secrets.js（自动持久化）
 module.exports = {
-  PORT: process.env.PORT || 3001,
+  PORT: process.env.PORT || 3501,
-  JWT_SECRET: resolveSecret('JWT_SECRET'),
   DATA_DIR: path.join(__dirname, '../data'),
   SCALES_DIR: path.join(__dirname, '../scales'),
   DB_PATH: path.join(__dirname, '../data/psytest.db'),
@@ -19,5 +11,4 @@ module.exports = {
   DB_SAMPLES_PATH: path.join(__dirname, '../data/samples.db'),
   DIST_PATH: path.join(__dirname, '../client/dist'),
   CLIENT_PATH: path.join(__dirname, '../client'),
-  VERIFY_SALT: resolveSecret('VERIFY_SALT'),
 };

server/db-main.js

@@ -73,6 +73,16 @@ function initMainDB() {
       dbRun('INSERT INTO settings (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)', [k, v]);
     }
   }
+
+  // 验证码默认设置 seed：captcha_type 默认 turnstile（内置 SVG / none / both 可后台切换）
+  const captchaDefaults = {
+    captcha_type: 'turnstile',
+  };
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(captchaDefaults)) {
+    if (!dbGet('SELECT value FROM settings WHERE key = ?', [k])) {
+      dbRun('INSERT INTO settings (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)', [k, v]);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 function checkIntegrity() {
@@ -107,7 +117,9 @@ function getSetting(key, defaultVal = '') {
 }
 
 function setSetting(key, value) {
-  dbRun('INSERT OR REPLACE INTO settings (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)', [key, value]);
+  // node:sqlite 只接受 number/string/bigint/Buffer/null，布尔会抛 TypeError
+  // （线上事故：GET 返回的 *_configured 布尔被前端回 POST → 保存设置 500）
+  dbRun('INSERT OR REPLACE INTO settings (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)', [key, value == null ? '' : String(value)]);
 }
 
 module.exports = { initMainDB, saveDB, dbAll, dbGet, dbRun, getSetting, setSetting };

server/index.js

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const express = require('express');
 const cors = require('cors');
 const path = require('path');
 const fs = require('fs');
+const { spawn } = require('child_process');
 const { PORT } = require('./config');
 const { initMainDB } = require('./db-main');
 const { initRecordsDB } = require('./db-records');
@@ -30,11 +31,19 @@ app.use('/api/samples', require('./routes/samples'));
 app.use('/api/user-scales', require('./routes/user-scales'));
 app.use('/api/captcha', require('./routes/captcha').captchaRouter);
 // Public: share link data API
+// 分享链接 /s/<内置量表id>（如 /s/phq9）与用户量表分享码 /s/<随机码> 共用此入口：
+// 先查用户量表分享码（现状）→ 未命中（或草稿不可用）则把 code 当内置量表 id 查；均未命中返回 404
 app.get('/api/s/:code', (req, res) => {
   const us = require('./services/user-scales');
   const scale = us.getUserScaleByShareCode(req.params.code);
-  if (!scale || scale.status === 'draft') return res.status(404).json({ success: false, error: { code: 'SCALE_001', message: '量表不存在' } });
+  if (scale && scale.status !== 'draft') {
-  res.json({ success: true, data: { id: scale.id, name: scale.name, content: scale.content, ownerId: scale.owner_id } });
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: { id: scale.id, name: scale.name, content: scale.content, ownerId: scale.owner_id } });
+  }
+  const builtin = require('./services/scales').getScale(req.params.code);
+  if (builtin) {
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: { id: builtin.meta.id, name: builtin.meta.name, content: builtin, ownerId: null } });
+  }
+  return res.status(404).json({ success: false, error: { code: 'SCALE_001', message: '量表不存在' } });
 });
 // Public settings (no auth required)
 app.get('/api/settings/public', (req, res) => {
@@ -55,6 +64,8 @@ app.get('/api/settings/public', (req, res) => {
     watermark_pages: getSetting('watermark_pages', '["result","records"]'),
     rainid_enabled: getSetting('rainid_enabled', '0'),
     rainid_register_redirect: getSetting('rainid_register_redirect', '0'),
+    // 与 lib/rainid.js 的 getOidcSettings().enabled 同一 fail-closed 判定（含 secret 的 env/.env.json 通道）
+    rainid_configured: require('./lib/rainid').getOidcSettings().enabled,
   }});
 });
 
@@ -66,12 +77,15 @@ app.use('/api', (req, res) => {
   res.status(404).json({ success: false, error: { code: 'API_404', message: '接口不存在' } });
 });
 
-// Frontend static files
+// Frontend static files（静态目录解析放在 start() 内，先确保 dist 已构建）
-const distPath = path.join(__dirname, '../client/dist');
+let staticPath;
-const clientPath = path.join(__dirname, '../client');
+
-const staticPath = fs.existsSync(distPath) ? distPath : clientPath;
+function registerStatic() {
-app.use(express.static(staticPath));
+  const distPath = path.join(__dirname, '../client/dist');
-app.get('*', (req, res) => {
+  const clientPath = path.join(__dirname, '../client');
+  staticPath = fs.existsSync(distPath) ? distPath : clientPath;
+  app.use(express.static(staticPath));
+  app.get('*', (req, res) => {
     const filePath = path.join(staticPath, 'index.html');
     res.sendFile(filePath, err => {
       if (err) {
@@ -79,10 +93,35 @@ app.get('*', (req, res) => {
         res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: { code: 'SYS_001', message: '页面文件不存在' } });
       }
     });
-});
+  });
+}
+
+// 部署兜底：dist 缺失时自动在 client/ 下执行 npm run build，失败不崩溃（仅提示）
+async function ensureClientDist() {
+  const distIndex = path.join(__dirname, '../client/dist/index.html');
+  if (fs.existsSync(distIndex)) return true;
+  console.warn('[Server] 未检测到 client/dist，尝试自动构建前端…');
+  const npmCmd = process.platform === 'win32' ? 'npm.cmd' : 'npm';
+  try {
+    await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      const child = spawn(npmCmd, ['run', 'build'], { cwd: path.join(__dirname, '../client'), stdio: 'inherit' });
+      child.on('error', reject);
+      child.on('exit', (code) => (code === 0 ? resolve() : reject(new Error(`前端构建退出码 ${code}`))));
+    });
+    if (!fs.existsSync(distIndex)) throw new Error('构建完成但未生成 client/dist/index.html');
+    console.log('[Server] 前端自动构建完成');
+    return true;
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error(`[Server] 前端自动构建失败: ${e.message}`);
+    console.error('[Server] 服务仍将启动，但前端页面不可用（请在 client/ 下执行 npm install && npm run build）');
+    return false;
+  }
+}
 
 // Start
 async function start() {
+  await ensureClientDist();
+  registerStatic();
   await initMainDB();
   await initRecordsDB();
   await initSamplesDB();

server/lib/secrets.js

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * JWT_SECRET / VERIFY_SALT 自动持久化（任务 1）
+ * 优先级：① process.env.xxx（存在则用，不写文件）→ ② data/.secrets.json → ③ 生成并原子写回（tmp+rename）
+ * 模块级缓存，函数幂等；不 require db-main/config，避免循环依赖。
+ */
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+const SECRETS_FILE = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'data', '.secrets.json');
+
+const cache = {};
+
+function loadFile() {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(SECRETS_FILE, 'utf-8'));
+  } catch {
+    return {};
+  }
+}
+
+function persist(key, value) {
+  const dir = path.dirname(SECRETS_FILE);
+  if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+  const data = { ...loadFile(), [key]: value };
+  const tmp = SECRETS_FILE + '.tmp';
+  fs.writeFileSync(tmp, JSON.stringify(data, null, 2), 'utf-8');
+  fs.renameSync(tmp, SECRETS_FILE); // 原子替换
+}
+
+function resolveSecret(cacheKey, envName, fileKey) {
+  if (cache[cacheKey]) return cache[cacheKey];
+  if (process.env[envName]) {
+    cache[cacheKey] = process.env[envName];
+    return cache[cacheKey];
+  }
+  const file = loadFile();
+  if (file[fileKey]) {
+    cache[cacheKey] = file[fileKey];
+    return cache[cacheKey];
+  }
+  const secret = crypto.randomBytes(32).toString('hex');
+  persist(fileKey, secret);
+  console.warn(`[Secrets] 未配置 ${envName}，已生成随机密钥并持久化到 ${SECRETS_FILE}（重启后会话保持有效）`);
+  cache[cacheKey] = secret;
+  return cache[cacheKey];
+}
+
+function getJwtSecret() { return resolveSecret('jwt', 'JWT_SECRET', 'jwtSecret'); }
+function getVerifySalt() { return resolveSecret('salt', 'VERIFY_SALT', 'verifySalt'); }
+
+module.exports = { getJwtSecret, getVerifySalt };

server/middleware/auth.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
-const { JWT_SECRET } = require('../config');
+const { getJwtSecret } = require('../lib/secrets');
 const { ERR } = require('./error');
 
 function authRequired(req, res, next) {
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ function authRequired(req, res, next) {
   const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '');
   if (!token) throw ERR.AUTH_002();
   try {
-    req.user = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);
+    req.user = jwt.verify(token, getJwtSecret());
     // 游客通道：isGuest token 直接放行（req.user.isGuest=true），不强制 users 表存在该用户
     next();
   } catch {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function adminRequired(req, res, next) {
   const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '');
   if (!token) throw ERR.AUTH_002();
   try {
-    const decoded = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);
+    const decoded = jwt.verify(token, getJwtSecret());
     if (decoded.role !== 'superadmin' && decoded.role !== 'admin') throw ERR.AUTH_003();
     req.user = decoded;
     next();
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function requirePermission(...perms) {
     const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '');
     if (!token) throw ERR.AUTH_002();
     try {
-      const decoded = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);
+      const decoded = jwt.verify(token, getJwtSecret());
       // superadmin has all permissions
       if (decoded.role === 'superadmin') {
         req.user = decoded;

server/routes/admin.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const mainDB = require('../db-main');
 const recDB = require('../db-records');
 const { loadScales, getAllScales, getScale } = require('../services/scales');
 const us = require('../services/user-scales');
+const rainid = require('../lib/rainid');
 const { ERR } = require('../middleware/error');
 
 const router = express.Router();
@@ -213,6 +214,9 @@ router.get('/settings', requirePermission('settings.view'), (req, res) => {
   s.turnstile_configured = !!mainDB.getSetting('turnstile_secret_key');
   s.smtp_configured = !!mainDB.getSetting('smtp_pass');
   s.ai_configured = !!mainDB.getSetting('ai_api_key');
+  // rainid_configured：复用 getOidcSettings().enabled 的 fail-closed 判定（rainid_enabled='1' && client_id && secret，
+  // secret 含 env/.env.json 通道）——替代明文 secret，暴露 RainID 是否真正可用，避免与功能侧逻辑分叉
+  s.rainid_configured = rainid.getOidcSettings().enabled;
   res.json({ success: true, data: s });
 });
 

server/routes/auth.js

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
 const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs');
 const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
 const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
-const { JWT_SECRET } = require('../config');
+const { getJwtSecret } = require('../lib/secrets');
 const mainDB = require('../db-main');
 const { authRequired } = require('../middleware/auth');
 const { sendVerificationCode } = require('../services/email');
 const { ERR, AppError } = require('../middleware/error');
-const { verifyTurnstile } = require('./captcha');
+const { verifyCaptcha } = require('./captcha');
 const { ropcPasswordGrant } = require('../lib/rainid');
 
 const router = express.Router();
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ const guestLimiter = rateLimit({
 });
 
 router.post('/login', loginLimiter, async (req, res) => {
-  const { turnstileToken } = req.body;
+  if (!await verifyCaptcha(req, 'login')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
-  if (!await verifyTurnstile(turnstileToken, 'login')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
   const { username, password } = req.body;
   if (!username || !password) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请输入用户名和密码');
 
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ router.post('/login', loginLimiter, async (req, res) => {
       if (!bcrypt.compareSync(password, localUser.password_hash)) throw ERR.AUTH_001('用户名或密码错误');
       mainDB.dbRun('UPDATE users SET last_login = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id = ?', [localUser.id]);
       const permissions = localUser.permissions ? JSON.parse(localUser.permissions) : [];
-      const token = jwt.sign({ id: localUser.id, name: localUser.name, email: localUser.email, role: localUser.role, status: localUser.status, permissions }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' });
+      const token = jwt.sign({ id: localUser.id, name: localUser.name, email: localUser.email, role: localUser.role, status: localUser.status, permissions }, getJwtSecret(), { expiresIn: '7d' });
       return res.json({ success: true, data: { token, user: { id: localUser.id, name: localUser.name, email: localUser.email, role: localUser.role, status: localUser.status || 'active', permissions } } });
     }
     // ROPC 转发（2FA 用户被拒返回 mapOidcError 固定文案）
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ router.post('/login', loginLimiter, async (req, res) => {
     // 封禁用户不得经 ROPC 重获 JWT（P1-2，与本地路径对齐）
     if (user.status === 'banned') throw ERR.AUTH_001('账号已被封禁，请联系管理员');
     const permissions = user.permissions ? JSON.parse(user.permissions) : [];
-    const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' });
+    const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions }, getJwtSecret(), { expiresIn: '7d' });
     return res.json({ success: true, data: { token, user: { id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status || 'active', permissions } } });
   }
 
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ router.post('/login', loginLimiter, async (req, res) => {
   }
   mainDB.dbRun('UPDATE users SET last_login = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id = ?', [user.id]);
   const permissions = user.permissions ? JSON.parse(user.permissions) : [];
-  const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' });
+  const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions }, getJwtSecret(), { expiresIn: '7d' });
   res.json({ success: true, data: { token, user: { id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status || 'active', permissions } } });
 });
 
@@ -91,9 +90,9 @@ router.post('/register', async (req, res) => {
   if (mainDB.getSetting('rainid_enabled') === '1' && mainDB.getSetting('rainid_register_redirect') === '1') {
     throw ERR.AUTH_004('注册已托管至 RainID，请使用 RainID 账号登录');
   }
-  const { name, email, code, password, turnstileToken } = req.body;
+  const { name, email, code, password } = req.body;
   if (!name || !email || !code || !password) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请填写完整信息');
-  if (!await verifyTurnstile(turnstileToken, 'register')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
+  if (!await verifyCaptcha(req, 'register')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
   const rec = mainDB.dbGet('SELECT * FROM verification_codes WHERE email = ? AND code = ?', [email, code]);
   if (!rec || new Date(rec.expires_at) < new Date()) throw ERR.AUTH_004('验证码无效或已过期');
   if (mainDB.dbGet('SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?', [email])) throw ERR.AUTH_004('该邮箱已注册');
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ router.post('/register', async (req, res) => {
   const id = uuidv4();
   mainDB.dbRun('INSERT INTO users (id, name, email, password_hash, role, is_guest, status) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0, ?)', [id, name, email, bcrypt.hashSync(password, 10), 'user', 'active']);
   mainDB.dbRun('DELETE FROM verification_codes WHERE email = ?', [email]);
-  const token = jwt.sign({ id, name, email, role: 'user', status: 'active', permissions: [] }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' });
+  const token = jwt.sign({ id, name, email, role: 'user', status: 'active', permissions: [] }, getJwtSecret(), { expiresIn: '7d' });
   res.json({ success: true, data: { token, user: { id, name, email, role: 'user', status: 'active', permissions: [] } } });
 });
 
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ router.get('/me', authRequired, (req, res) => {
   if (needsRenew) {
     result._token = jwt.sign(
       { id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions: user.permissions },
-      JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' }
+      getJwtSecret(), { expiresIn: '7d' }
     );
   }
   res.json({ success: true, data: result });
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ router.post('/guest', guestLimiter, (req, res) => {
   const guestId = 'guest_' + crypto.randomBytes(8).toString('hex');
   const token = jwt.sign(
     { id: guestId, name: '游客', role: 'user', isGuest: true, status: 'active', permissions: [] },
-    JWT_SECRET,
+    getJwtSecret(),
     { expiresIn: '2h' }
   );
   res.json({ success: true, data: { token, user: { name: '游客', role: 'user', isGuest: true } } });

server/routes/captcha.js

@@ -1,10 +1,42 @@
 const express = require('express');
 const https = require('https');
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
 const mainDB = require('../db-main');
+const { getJwtSecret } = require('../lib/secrets');
 
 const router = express.Router();
 
 const ACTIONS = ['login', 'register', 'create_scale', 'share_scale', 'submit_review'];
+const CAPTCHA_TYPES = ['turnstile', 'builtin', 'none', 'both'];
+
+// ===================== 内置 SVG 验证码（内存态） =====================
+// 字符集：去易混 I/L/O/0/1
+const ANSWER_CHARS = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz23456789';
+const CAPTCHA_TTL_MS = 10 * 60 * 1000; // 答案 10min
+const PROOF_TTL_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000; // proof 5min
+const CLEANUP_MS = 60 * 1000; // 每分钟清扫
+const SVG_COLORS = ['#d32f2f', '#1976d2', '#388e3c', '#f57c00', '#7b1fa2', '#e91e63', '#0097a7'];
+
+// 答案存储：token → { code, createdAt }（一次性，取用即删）
+const captchaStore = new Map();
+// 已消费 proof：proof → 消费时间戳（防重放，5min 清理）
+const usedProofs = new Map();
+
+setInterval(() => {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  for (const [key, v] of captchaStore) {
+    if (now - v.createdAt > CAPTCHA_TTL_MS) captchaStore.delete(key);
+  }
+  for (const [key, t] of usedProofs) {
+    if (now - t > PROOF_TTL_MS) usedProofs.delete(key);
+  }
+}, CLEANUP_MS).unref?.();
+
+function getCaptchaType() {
+  const v = mainDB.getSetting('captcha_type', 'turnstile');
+  return CAPTCHA_TYPES.includes(v) ? v : 'turnstile';
+}
 
 function getSiteKey() {
   return mainDB.getSetting('turnstile_site_key', '');
@@ -14,26 +46,126 @@ function getSecretKey() {
   return mainDB.getSetting('turnstile_secret_key', '');
 }
 
-function needCaptcha(action) {
+function actionEnabled(action) {
   if (!ACTIONS.includes(action)) return false;
-  const siteKey = getSiteKey();
+  return mainDB.getSetting(`captcha_${action}`, '1') !== '0';
-  const secretKey = getSecretKey();
-  if (!siteKey || !secretKey) return false;
-  const val = mainDB.getSetting(`captcha_${action}`, '1');
-  return val !== '0';
 }
 
-// GET /api/captcha/status
+function needCaptcha(action) {
-router.get('/status', (req, res) => {
+  if (!ACTIONS.includes(action)) return false;
-  const siteKey = getSiteKey();
+  const type = getCaptchaType();
-  const actions = {};
+  if (type === 'none') return false;
-  for (const a of ACTIONS) actions[a] = needCaptcha(a);
+  const hasKeys = !!(getSiteKey() && getSecretKey());
-  res.json({ success: true, data: { enabled: !!siteKey, siteKey, actions } });
+  if (type === 'builtin') return actionEnabled(action); // 不依赖外部 key
+  if (type === 'turnstile') {
+    if (!hasKeys) return false;
+    return actionEnabled(action);
+  }
+  if (type === 'both') {
+    // 任一启用：builtin 无条件（只要 action 开启），turnstile 需 key 齐全
+    if (actionEnabled(action)) return true;
+    return hasKeys && actionEnabled(action);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// ===================== 内置 SVG 生成 =====================
+function generateSvgCaptcha(code) {
+  const w = 280, h = 72;
+  let bg = `<rect width="${w}" height="${h}" fill="#f5f5f5" rx="10"/>`;
+  let noise = '';
+  // 干扰线
+  for (let i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+    const x1 = Math.random() * w, y1 = Math.random() * h;
+    const x2 = Math.random() * w, y2 = Math.random() * h;
+    noise += `<line x1="${x1}" y1="${y1}" x2="${x2}" y2="${y2}" stroke="${SVG_COLORS[i % SVG_COLORS.length]}" stroke-width="${1 + Math.random() * 3}" opacity="0.25"/>`;
+  }
+  // 噪点
+  for (let i = 0; i < 80; i++) {
+    noise += `<circle cx="${Math.random() * w}" cy="${Math.random() * h}" r="${1 + Math.random() * 3}" fill="${SVG_COLORS[i % SVG_COLORS.length]}" opacity="0.15"/>`;
+  }
+  // 曲线
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    const x1 = Math.random() * w, y1 = Math.random() * h;
+    const cx = Math.random() * w, cy = Math.random() * h;
+    const x2 = Math.random() * w, y2 = Math.random() * h;
+    noise += `<path d="M${x1} ${y1} Q${cx} ${cy} ${x2} ${y2}" stroke="${SVG_COLORS[i]}" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" opacity="0.2"/>`;
+  }
+  // 旋转 + 多彩字母（字符集不含 XML 特殊字符，可直接内联）
+  let letters = '';
+  const spacing = w / (code.length + 1);
+  for (let i = 0; i < code.length; i++) {
+    const x = spacing * (i + 0.5) + (Math.random() - 0.5) * 15;
+    const y = 40 + (Math.random() - 0.5) * 20;
+    const rotation = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 45;
+    const fontSize = 28 + Math.random() * 14;
+    const color = SVG_COLORS[i % SVG_COLORS.length];
+    letters += `<text x="${x}" y="${y}" transform="rotate(${rotation},${x},${y})" font-size="${fontSize}" font-family="Arial,sans-serif" font-weight="bold" fill="${color}" text-anchor="middle" dominant-baseline="middle">${code[i]}</text>`;
+  }
+  return `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="${w}" height="${h}" viewBox="0 0 ${w} ${h}">${bg}${noise}${letters}</svg>`;
+}
+
+// ===================== proof JWT（一次性防重放） =====================
+function issueProof(action = '') {
+  return jwt.sign(
+    { captcha: true, action, jti: crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex') },
+    getJwtSecret(),
+    { expiresIn: '5m' }
+  );
+}
+
+function consumeProof(proof, action) {
+  if (typeof proof !== 'string' || !proof) {
+    return { ok: false, code: 'CAPTCHA_004', message: '请先完成人机验证' };
+  }
+  let payload;
+  try {
+    payload = jwt.verify(proof, getJwtSecret());
+  } catch {
+    return { ok: false, code: 'CAPTCHA_005', message: '验证码验证已过期' };
+  }
+  if (!payload || payload.captcha !== true) {
+    return { ok: false, code: 'CAPTCHA_005', message: '验证码验证已过期' };
+  }
+  // action 绑定：签发时绑定了 action 则必须匹配当前请求（防跨动作复用）
+  if (payload.action && payload.action !== action) {
+    return { ok: false, code: 'CAPTCHA_005', message: '验证码验证已过期' };
+  }
+  if (usedProofs.has(proof)) {
+    return { ok: false, code: 'CAPTCHA_006', message: '验证码已使用' };
+  }
+  usedProofs.set(proof, Date.now());
+  return { ok: true, payload };
+}
+
+// ===================== 内置验证码路由 =====================
+// GET /api/captcha/image
+router.get('/image', (req, res) => {
+  let code = '';
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) code += ANSWER_CHARS[Math.floor(Math.random() * ANSWER_CHARS.length)];
+  const token = crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
+  captchaStore.set(token, { code, createdAt: Date.now() });
+  res.json({ success: true, data: { token, svg: generateSvgCaptcha(code), expiresIn: CAPTCHA_TTL_MS / 1000 } });
 });
 
 // POST /api/captcha/verify
+// 带 answer → 内置 SVG 校验（一次性删除 + 签发 proof）
+// 不带 answer → 兼容旧前端：Turnstile siteverify
 router.post('/verify', (req, res) => {
-  const { token, action } = req.body;
+  const { token, answer, action } = req.body;
+  if (answer !== undefined) {
+    const entry = typeof token === 'string' ? captchaStore.get(token) : undefined;
+    if (!entry) {
+      return res.json({ success: false, error: { code: 'CAPTCHA_004', message: '验证码已过期或不存在' } });
+    }
+    captchaStore.delete(token); // 一次性删除
+    if (String(entry.code).toLowerCase() !== String(answer).toLowerCase().trim()) {
+      return res.json({ success: false, error: { code: 'CAPTCHA_005', message: '验证码错误' } });
+    }
+    const proof = issueProof(action || '');
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: { proof } });
+  }
+  // ---- 兼容分支：Turnstile siteverify（原逻辑） ----
   if (!needCaptcha(action)) return res.json({ success: true });
   if (!token) return res.json({ success: false, error: { code: 'CAPTCHA_001', message: '缺少 token' } });
   const secret = getSecretKey();
@@ -57,7 +189,17 @@ router.post('/verify', (req, res) => {
   reqCF.end();
 });
 
-// Helper: async verify for route usage
+// GET /api/captcha/status
+router.get('/status', (req, res) => {
+  const type = getCaptchaType();
+  const siteKey = getSiteKey();
+  const builtin = type === 'builtin' || type === 'both';
+  const actions = {};
+  for (const a of ACTIONS) actions[a] = needCaptcha(a);
+  res.json({ success: true, data: { enabled: !!siteKey || builtin, type, builtin, siteKey, actions } });
+});
+
+// ===================== Turnstile siteverify（内部复用） =====================
 function verifyTurnstile(token, action) {
   return new Promise((resolve) => {
     if (!needCaptcha(action)) return resolve(true);
@@ -84,4 +226,26 @@ function verifyTurnstile(token, action) {
   });
 }
 
-module.exports = { captchaRouter: router, verifyTurnstile, needCaptcha };
+// ===================== 统一验证码入口（业务路由用） =====================
+// builtin/both → 校验 req.body.captcha_proof（JWT + 一次性消费）
+// turnstile/both → 校验 req.body.turnstileToken（服务端 siteverify）
+// !needCaptcha → true
+async function verifyCaptcha(req, action) {
+  if (!needCaptcha(action)) return true;
+  const type = getCaptchaType();
+  const body = req.body || {};
+  if (type === 'builtin') {
+    return consumeProof(body.captcha_proof, action).ok;
+  }
+  if (type === 'turnstile') {
+    return await verifyTurnstile(body.turnstileToken, action);
+  }
+  if (type === 'both') {
+    // 任一通过即可
+    if (consumeProof(body.captcha_proof, action).ok) return true;
+    return await verifyTurnstile(body.turnstileToken, action);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+module.exports = { captchaRouter: router, verifyTurnstile, verifyCaptcha, needCaptcha };

server/routes/oidc.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const express = require('express');
 const crypto = require('crypto');
 const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
 const openidClient = require('openid-client'); // v6 函数式 API
-const { JWT_SECRET } = require('../config');
+const { getJwtSecret } = require('../lib/secrets');
 const {
   getOidcSettings,
   getOidcConfig,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ router.get('/callback', async (req, res) => {
       return res.status(401).json({ error: '账号已被封禁，请联系管理员' });
     }
     const permissions = user.permissions ? JSON.parse(user.permissions) : [];
-    const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' });
+    const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, name: user.name, email: user.email, role: user.role, status: user.status, permissions }, getJwtSecret(), { expiresIn: '7d' });
     const ticket = crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
     oidcTickets.set(ticket, {
       token,

server/routes/records.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const { getScale } = require('../services/scales');
 const { calculateScore } = require('../services/scoring');
 const { interpret } = require('../services/interpret');
 const { ERR } = require('../middleware/error');
-const { VERIFY_SALT } = require('../config');
+const { getVerifySalt } = require('../lib/secrets');
 
 const router = express.Router();
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ router.get('/:id/verify', authRequired, (req, res) => {
   if (!record) throw ERR.RECORD_001();
   const scoresStr = typeof record.scores === 'string' ? record.scores : JSON.stringify(record.scores);
   const computedHash = crypto.createHash('sha256')
-    .update(`${record.id}-${scoresStr}-${VERIFY_SALT}`)
+    .update(`${record.id}-${scoresStr}-${getVerifySalt()}`)
     .digest('hex')
     .slice(0, 16);
   const valid = computedHash === record.verify_hash;

server/routes/test.js

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const us = require('../services/user-scales');
 const { calculateScore } = require('../services/scoring');
 const { interpret } = require('../services/interpret');
 const { ERR } = require('../middleware/error');
-const { VERIFY_SALT } = require('../config');
+const { getVerifySalt } = require('../lib/secrets');
 
 const router = express.Router();
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function generateRecordId(userId, scaleId, answers, timestamp) {
 function generateVerifyHash(recordId, scores) {
   const scoresStr = typeof scores === 'string' ? scores : JSON.stringify(scores);
   return crypto.createHash('sha256')
-    .update(`${recordId}-${scoresStr}-${VERIFY_SALT}`)
+    .update(`${recordId}-${scoresStr}-${getVerifySalt()}`)
     .digest('hex')
     .slice(0, 16);
 }

server/routes/user-scales.js

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ const { authRequired, requirePermission } = require('../middleware/auth');
 const { validateScale } = require('../services/validator');
 const us = require('../services/user-scales');
 const { ERR } = require('../middleware/error');
-const { verifyTurnstile, needCaptcha } = require('./captcha');
+const { verifyCaptcha } = require('./captcha');
 
 const router = express.Router();
 
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ router.get('/', authRequired, (req, res) => {
 // Create new
 router.post('/', authRequired, async (req, res) => {
   if (req.user.isGuest) throw ERR.AUTH_005();
-  const { id, content, turnstileToken } = req.body;
+  const { id, content } = req.body;
   if (!id || !content) throw ERR.SCALE_002("缺少 id 和 content");
-  if (!await verifyTurnstile(turnstileToken, 'create_scale')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
+  if (!await verifyCaptcha(req, 'create_scale')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
   const validation = validateScale(content);
   if (validation.errors.length > 0) {
     return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: { code: 'SCALE_002', message: '校验未通过', validation } });
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ router.delete('/:id', authRequired, (req, res) => {
 // Generate share link
 router.post('/:id/share', authRequired, async (req, res) => {
   if (req.user.isGuest) throw ERR.AUTH_005();
-  const { turnstileToken } = req.body;
+  if (!await verifyCaptcha(req, 'share_scale')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
-  if (!await verifyTurnstile(turnstileToken, 'share_scale')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
   const code = us.generateShareCode(req.params.id, req.user.id);
   if (!code) throw ERR.SCALE_001();
   res.json({ success: true, data: { shareCode: code, url: `/s/${code}` } });
@@ -75,8 +74,7 @@ router.post('/:id/unshare', authRequired, (req, res) => {
 // Submit for review
 router.post('/:id/submit-review', authRequired, async (req, res) => {
   if (req.user.isGuest) throw ERR.AUTH_005();
-  const { turnstileToken } = req.body;
+  if (!await verifyCaptcha(req, 'submit_review')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
-  if (!await verifyTurnstile(turnstileToken, 'submit_review')) throw ERR.AUTH_004('请完成人机验证');
   const result = us.submitForReview(req.params.id, req.user.id);
   if (!result) throw ERR.SCALE_001();
   if (result.error) return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: { code: 'SCALE_002', message: result.error, validation: result.validation } });